Electrode binder composition for nonaqueous electrolyte battery, electrode for nonaqueous electrolyte battery, and nonaqueous electrolyte battery

ABSTRACT

Provided is a binder composition for electrodes that has high stability in the form of a liquid composition dissolved or dispersed in a solvent and can improve cycle property of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery. The binder composition used is a binder composition including a polymer A containing 80% by weight or more and 99.9% by weight or less of a repeating unit derived from a monomer including a nitrile group and 0.1% by weight or more and 20% by weight or less of a repeating unit derived from an ethylenically unsaturated compound, wherein a weight-average molecular weight of the polymer A is 500,000 to 2,000,000, and a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of the polymer A is 13 or smaller.

FIELD

The present invention relates to a binder composition for electrodes ofa non-aqueous electrolyte battery, to an electrode for a non-aqueouselectrolyte battery, and to a non-aqueous electrolyte battery.

BACKGROUND

Generally, non-aqueous electrolyte batteries such as lithium ionsecondary batteries has tendency to lose their electric capacity as aresult of repetition of charging and discharging. The property of thebattery in such decrease in the electric capacity after the repetitionof charging/discharging are referred to as “cycle property”. Usually,when the electric capacity is less prone to decrease even after therepetition of charging/discharging, such property is referred to as“high cycle property”. When the electric capacity is prone to decreaseafter the repetition of charging/discharging, such property is referredto as “low cycle property”.

Conventionally, a variety of techniques have been proposed for thepurpose of improving the cycle property. For example, Patent Literatures1 to 3 propose techniques for improving cycle property by using specificcompositions as the binder compositions for electrodes.

CITATION LIST

-   Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.    2010-092719 A-   Patent Literature 2: International Publication No. 2006/033173-   Patent Literature 3: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.    2003-282061 A

SUMMARY Technical Problem

In recent years, there is an increasing demand for improving theperformance of non-aqueous electrolyte batteries. As to cycle property,there is also a demand for developing a technique superior to thetechniques described in Patent Literatures 1 to 3.

The present inventor has conducted studies and found out that thepolymers used in the binder compositions described in Patent Literatures1 to 3 have low molecular weights. Therefore, the inventor has conductedfurther studies on the basis of the assumption that use of a polymerhaving a high molecular weight in a binder composition to increase thestrength of the binder composition would result in suppression ofdeterioration caused by the expansion, contraction, deformation, etc. ofthe electrodes due to charging and discharging, to thereby improve thecycle property. However, it has been found out that, with the techniquesdescribed in Patent Literatures 1 to 3, it is difficult to increase themolecular weight of the polymer, so that further improvement in cycleproperty is difficult.

Generally, a binder composition for electrodes is prepared as a liquidcomposition containing the binder composition dissolved or dispersed ina solvent such as water (the liquid composition is appropriatelyreferred to hereinbelow as a “binder solution”). The binder solution isusually mixed with an electrode active material, etc. to form anelectrode slurry, and is applied onto the surface of a currentcollector, to thereby produce an electrode. However, the aforementionedbinder solution and electrode slurry are not used immediately afterpreparation but are usually stored and conveyed in the state of thebinder solution and electrode slurry. Therefore, the binder solution andthe electrode slurry are required to have stability, and it is desirableto avoid precipitation of the electrode active material in the electrodeslurry and to avoid gelation of the polymer in the binder solution.However, it has been found out that even when an attempt is made toincrease the molecular weight of the polymer in the techniques describedin Patent Literatures 1 to 3, it is difficult to obtain a bindersolution and an electrode slurry having high stability.

The present invention has been created in view of the foregoing problem.It is an object of the present invention to provide a binder compositionfor electrodes that has high stability in the form of a liquidcomposition dissolved or dispersed in a solvent and can improve cycleproperty of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, to provide an electrodefor a non-aqueous electrolyte battery using the binder composition, andto provide a non-aqueous electrolyte battery using the bindercomposition.

Solution to Problem

The present inventor has conducted extensive studies to solve theforegoing problem. As a result of the studies, the inventor has foundout that, when a polymer having a repeating unit derived from a monomercontaining a nitrile group and a repeating unit derived from anethylenically unsaturated compound is polymerized by a specificpolymerization method, a polymer can having a narrow molecular weightdistribution and a high molecular weight can be obtained. The inventorhas also found out that, when a binder composition for electrodes of anon-aqueous electrolyte battery contains the polymer that has obtainedin this manner, the resulting binder composition becomes highly stablein the form of a liquid composition dissolved or dispersed in a solvent,and the cycle property of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery can beimproved. The present invention has been completed on the basis of theaforementioned findings.

That is, according to the present invention, the following (1) to (6)are provided.

(1) A binder composition for an electrode of a non-aqueous electrolytebattery, the binder comprising a polymer A containing 80% by weight ormore and 99.9% by weight or less of a repeating unit derived from amonomer including a nitrile group and 0.1% by weight or more and 20% byweight or less of a repeating unit derived from an ethylenicallyunsaturated compound, wherein

a weight-average molecular weight of the polymer A is 500,000 to2,000,000, and

a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of the polymer A is 13 orsmaller.

(2) The binder composition for an electrode of a non-aqueous electrolytebattery according to (1), further comprising a polymer B containing 10%by weight or more and 40% by weight or less of a repeating unit derivedfrom acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile, wherein the polymer B has aniodine number of 50 g/100 g or lower.

(3) The binder composition for an electrode of a non-aqueous electrolytebattery according to (2), wherein a weight ratio of the polymer A to thepolymer B (the polymer A/the polymer B) is 3/7 or higher and 7/3 orlower.

(4) An electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, comprising acurrent collector and an electrode material layer provided on at leastone side of the current collector, wherein

the electrode material layer contains an electrode active material andthe binder composition for an electrode according to any one of (1) to(3), and

a solid content of the binder composition for the electrode with respectto 100 parts by weight of the electrode active material is 0.3 parts byweight or more and 5 parts by weight or less.

(5) A non-aqueous electrolyte battery comprising the electrode for anon-aqueous electrolyte battery according to (4).

(6) The non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to (5), wherein thenon-aqueous electrolyte battery is a lithium ion secondary battery.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

According to the present invention, a binder composition for electrodescan be realized which has high stability in the form of a liquidcomposition dissolved or dispersed in a solvent and can improve thecycle property of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery. In addition,electrodes for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery using the bindercomposition and a non-aqueous electrolyte battery using the bindercomposition can be realized.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The present invention will be described hereinbelow in detail by way ofembodiments and exemplifications. However, the present invention is notlimited to the following embodiments and exemplifications, and may beimplemented with arbitrary modifications within the scope of the claimsand equivalents thereto. In the following description, the sign “A” inpolymer A and the sign “B” in polymer B are signs for distinguishing theelements with these signs from other elements and do not have anymeaning other than the distinction between these elements. In addition,(meth)acrylic acid means acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, and(meth)acrylate means acrylate and methacrylate.

[1. Binder Composition for Electrodes of Non-Aqueous ElectrolyteBattery]

The binder composition for electrodes of a non-aqueous electrolytebattery of the present invention (appropriately referred to hereinbelowas a “battery of the present invention”) (the binder composition isappropriately referred to as a “binder composition of the presentinvention”) is a composition containing a polymer A. Preferably, thebinder composition of the present invention further contains a polymerB. The binder composition of the present invention functions as a binderin electrodes of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery.

[1-1. Polymer A]

The polymer A contains a repeating unit derived from a monomer includinga nitrile group (appropriately referred to hereinbelow as a “nitrilegroup-containing monomer”) (this repeating unit is appropriatelyreferred hereinbelow to as a “nitrile group-containing monomer unit”)and a repeating unit derived from an ethylenically unsaturated compound(appropriately referred to hereinbelow as an “ethylenically unsaturatedcompound unit”).

The nitrile group-containing monomer for use is usually a compoundhaving a nitrile group (—CN group) and capable of forming a polymerthrough polymerization. Particularly, an α,β unsaturated nitrilecompound is preferred as the nitrile group-containing monomer. Specificexamples thereof may include acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile. Fromthe viewpoint of the balance of ease of polymerization reaction, costperformance, flexibility and foldability of an electrode having anelectrode material layer formed thereon, resistance to swelling in anelectrolyte solution, etc., acrylonitrile is preferred. As the nitrilegroup-containing monomer, one species thereof may be solely used, or acombination of two or more species thereof may be used at any ratio. Thepolymer A may contain only one species of nitrile group-containingmonomer unit or may contain two or more species thereof at any ratio.

The amount of the nitrile group-containing monomer unit in the polymer Ais usually 80% by weight or more, preferably 90% by weight or more, andmore preferably 94% by weight or more and is usually 99.9% by weight orless and preferably 99% by weight or less. When the amount of thenitrile group-containing monomer unit is within the aforementionedrange, the adhesive strength (peel strength) of an electrode materiallayer to a current collector can be increased. When the amount of thenitrile group-containing monomer unit is equal to or lower than theupper limit value of the aforementioned range, the resistance of thepolymer A to an electrolyte solution can be improved. This can preventgradual deterioration of binding properties caused by, e.g., dissolutionof the binder composition in the electrolyte solution or swelling of thebinder composition with the electrolyte solution, so that an electrodeactive material can be stably prevented from being peeled from thecurrent collector.

As the ethylenically unsaturated compound in the present invention, acompound having no nitrile group, having an unsaturated hydrocarbonchain including a carbon-carbon double bond, and polymerizable with thenitrile group-containing monomer is usually used. Examples of such acompound may include: halogenated vinyls and halogenated vinylidenessuch as vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, vinyl fluoride, and vinylidenechloride; unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylicacid, maleic acid, and itaconic acid and salts thereof; acrylate esterssuch as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, octyl acrylate,methoxyethyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, and cyclohexyl acrylate;methacrylate esters such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate,butyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, methoxyethyl methacrylate,phenyl methacrylate, and cyclohexyl methacrylate; unsaturated ketonessuch as methyl vinyl ketone, methyl phenyl ketone, and methylisopropenyl ketone; vinyl esters such as vinyl formate, vinyl acetate,vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, and vinyl benzoate; vinyl ethers suchas methyl vinyl ether and ethyl vinyl ether; acrylic acid amide andalkyl substitution products thereof; unsaturated sulfonic acids such asvinyl sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, methallyl sulfonic acid,p-styrene sulfonic acid, and salts thereof; styrene and alkyl andhalogen substitution products thereof such as styrene, α-methylstyrene,and chlorostyrene; allyl alcohol and esters and ethers thereof; basicvinyl compounds such as vinylpyridine, vinylimidazole, anddimethylaminoethyl methacrylate; and vinyl compounds such as acrolein,methacrolein, and glycidyl methacrylate.

Of these, unsaturated compounds having a carboxyl group (—COOH group)are preferred as the ethylenically unsaturated compound. The use of anunsaturated compound having a carboxyl group can increase peel strengthto stably improve the cycle property of the battery. Of these,particularly, unsaturated carboxylic acids are more preferred, andacrylic acid and methacrylic acid are particularly preferred.

As the ethylenically unsaturated compound, one species thereof may besolely used, or a combination of two or more species thereof may be usedat any ratio.

The amount of the ethylenically unsaturated compound in the polymer A isusually 0.1% by weight or more and preferably 1% by weight or more andis usually 20% by weight or less, preferably 15% by weight or less, morepreferably 10% by weight or less, still more preferably 8% by weight orless, and particularly preferably 6% by weight or less. When the amountof the ethylenically unsaturated compound in the polymer A is equal toor larger than the lower limit value of the aforementioned range, anelectrode material layer can be stably formed. When the amount is equalto or lower than the upper limit value of the aforementiohed range, anincrease in the viscosity of an electrode slurry can be suppressed, sothat the electrode material layer can be easily produced.

The polymer A in the present invention may contain a repeating unitother than the nitrile group-containing monomer unit and theethylenically unsaturated compound unit, so long as the effects of thepresent invention are not significantly impaired. The polymer A maycontain only one species of such a repeating unit, or a combination oftwo or more species thereof at any ratio.

The weight-average molecular weight Mw of the polymer A is usually500,000 or higher and preferably 750,000 or higher and is usually2,000,000 or lower and preferably 1,500,000 or lower.

The molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of the polymer A is usually 13or lower and preferably 10 or lower and is usually 3 or higher. Mnherein represents a number-average molecular weight.

The weight-average molecular weight Mw and the number-average molecularweight Mn may be measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Morespecifically, a polar solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) andN-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) is used as the eluent for GPC, and themeasurement is performed using a column for a polar polymer at atemperature of 30° C. to 40° C. The molecular weight is determined as astandard polystyrene equivalent value.

As described above, the binder composition of the present invention hasa high weight-average molecular weight Mw and a narrow molecular weightdistribution (i.e., has a uniform molecular weight). Since the bindercomposition has these features, the stability of an electrode slurrycontaining the binder composition of the present invention can beimproved, and the cycle property of the non-aqueous electrolyte batterycan be improved.

The weight-average molecular weight Mw of a conventional polymer such asthose described in any of Patent Literatures 1 to 3 that contains anitrile group and is synthesized from, e.g., acrylonitrile is usuallyabout 20,000 to about 300,000. Such a polymer is industrially producedby, e.g., an aqueous polymerization method in which the monomers arepolymerized in an aqueous medium using a water-soluble polymerizationinitiator (appropriately referred to hereinbelow as a “water-solubleinitiator”) or a solution polymerization method in which thepolymerization is performed in an inorganic or organic solvent that candissolve the polymer.

In an experimental scale, attempts have been made to produce such apolymer by, e.g., a bulk polymerization method in which the monomers anda polymerization initiator soluble in the monomers are mixed and heatedor a photo solution polymerization method in which the monomers areirradiated with ultraviolet rays in an inorganic or organic solventcapable of dissolving the monomers and the polymer obtained bypolymerization of the monomers. However, in the bulk polymerizationmethod, viscosity significantly increases as the polymerization reactionproceeds, so that the internal temperature of the reaction systembecomes nonuniform because of heating. Therefore, the polymerizationoperation and process management for controlling the polymerizationreaction are complicated, and the properties of the polymer tend tobecome nonuniform. The photo solution polymerization method requireshigh production cost, and has a variety of problems such as a large sizeof the apparatus, removal of impurities in the polymer solution, and anincrease in the viscosity of the solution due to an increase in themolecular weight. Therefore, no method other than the aforementionedaqueous polymerization method and solution polymerization method hasbeen practically used as industrial means.

As another conceivable method, suspension polymerization may beperformed in an aqueous medium using a water-soluble initiator and adispersion stabilizer to obtain a high-molecular weight polymer.However, when, e.g., acrylonitrile is used as a monomer, about 7% of themonomer dissolves in water at an ordinary polymerization temperature.Therefore, as the polymerization reaction proceeds, the polymerizationreaction of acrylonitrile dissolved in the aqueous phase is alsoinitiated and proceeds, in addition to the suspension polymerizationthat occurs in oil droplets insoluble in water. The polymer formed inthe aqueous phase has a lower molecular weight than that of the polymerformed in the oil droplets, and the diameter of the polymer particlesgenerated tends to be small. Therefore, even in the suspensionpolymerization, a mixture of two types of polymers formed in the oildroplets and the aqueous phase is obtained. Accordingly, the suspensionpolymerization product inevitably contains the low-molecular weightpolymer polymerized in the aqueous phase, so that it is difficult toproduce a high-molecular weight polymer having a sharply uniformmolecular weight distribution and a uniform particle size.

Because of the aforementioned circumstances, with the conventionaltechniques described in Patent Literatures 1 to 3, it is difficult toindustrially produce a high-molecular weight polymer having a nitrilegroup, and it is also difficult to suppress the formation of thelow-molecular weight polymer. Therefore, as the molecular weightincreases, the peak of the molecular weight distribution is inevitablywidened, or a plurality of peaks appear, so that the molecular weightdistribution inevitably becomes significantly broad.

However, in the present invention, the polymer A having a high molecularweight and sharply uniform molecular weight distribution is achieved. Byincreasing the molecular weight, the mechanical strength of the polymerA can be increased. This can suppress breakage of the electrode materiallayer caused by charging and discharging, so that the cycle property ofthe non-aqueous electrolyte battery to which the polymer A is appliedcan be improved. In addition, by increasing the molecular weight, theresistance to an electrolyte solution can be increased, so that breakageand peeling of the electrode material layer due to swelling can besuppressed. This also contributes to improvement of the cycle property.However, if the molecular weight of the polymer A is excessivelyincreased, its solubility in a solvent becomes poor to hamperpreparation of the electrode slurry. The polymer A having excessivelyhigh molecular weight may also excessively elevate hardness of theelectrode material layer, to deteriorate workability. The polymer Ahaving excessively high molecular weight may also increase tendency tocause exfoliation of the electrode material layer from the currentcollector, so that peel strength may decrease. Therefore, theaforementioned upper limit is set for the weight-average molecularweight Mw of the polymer A.

By narrowing the molecular weight distribution of the polymer A, it ispossible to stably realize uniform composition of the electrode materiallayer. Therefore, it is possible to avoid occurrence of partially formedweak portions in the electrode material layer, whereby breakage andpeeling of the electrode material layer during production or due tostress generated during charging and discharging can be prevented, sothat the cycle property can be improved. In addition, by the uniformcomposition of the electrode material layer, it is expected that theelectrode material layer can have a smooth surface.

When the molecular weight distribution of the polymer A is narrow, theamount of the low-molecular weight component contained in the polymer Abecomes small. Therefore, when an electrode slurry is preparedtherewith, the formation of a gel due to dissolution of thelow-molecular weight component into a solvent can be suppressed, andprecipitation and deposition of an electrode active material containedin the electrode slurry due to such dissolution of the low-molecularweight component can be suppressed. Therefore, the stability of theelectrode slurry can be improved.

The polymer A having a high weight-average molecular weight Mw and anarrow molecular weight distribution may be produced by, e.g., thesuspension polymerization method in which the polymerization reaction isperformed in oil droplets while the polymerization reaction in theaqueous phase is suppressed. Such a polymer A having a highweight-average molecular weight Mw and a narrow molecular weightdistribution is obtainable by collecting substantially only polymersthat has generated in the oil droplets while constantly keeping theconcentration of the nitrile group-containing monomer present in thepolymerization system is equal to or higher than its solubility limit inthe aqueous phase.

More specifically, the suspension polymerization in which thepolymerization reaction is initiated and proceeds in the oil dropletsdispersed in the aqueous phase may be performed with the presence of adispersant and an oil-soluble polymerization initiator (appropriatelyreferred to hereinbelow as an “oil-soluble initiator”) in thepolymerization system. In this case, a solvent other than the monomersmay be used for forming the oil droplets. However, from the viewpoint ofincreasing the concentration of the monomers in the oil droplets, it isusually preferable to form the oil droplets from the monomers. In themonomers that are used for producing the polymer A, the nitrilegroup-containing monomer accounts for particularly large amount.Therefore, formation of the oil droplets is usually performed with thenitrile group-containing monomer.

The monomers for use may be the aforementioned nitrile group-containingmonomer and, if necessary, the ethylenically unsaturated compound andanother optional monomer. In this case, the higher the concentration ofthe monomers in the polymerization system, the more preferred becausepolymer A having a high molecular weight can be easily obtained. Morespecifically, the compositional weight ratio of the monomers relative towater in the polymerization system (monomers/water) is preferably higherthan 1/6 and more preferably 1/5 or higher. When the compositionalweight ratio of the monomers relative to water is higher than 1/6, thepolymer A can be produced at high productivity. This is because, sincethe state of constant presence of the monomers in the polymerizationsystem in a sufficient amount (for example, 9% by weight or more) isthereby maintained, the reaction is not terminated at a lowpolymerization conversion ratio.

To secure constant presence of the monomers in the polymerization systemin a sufficient amount means that unreacted monomers are constantlypresent in a sufficient amount with respect to the total amount of themonomers and water present in the polymerization system. The conditionsfor maintaining such a state are the conditions that the nitrilegroup-containing monomer is dissolved or dispersed in the aqueous phaseof the polymerization system constantly in a supersaturated state. Ifthe monomers are not present in a sufficient amount, the monomersdissolved in the aqueous phase may be polymerized, and a low-molecularweight polymer may be formed.

The method for maintaining the aforementioned state of thepolymerization system with the constant presence of the sufficientamount of monomers may be as follows. For example, in batchpolymerization, the polymerization time after the initiation ofpolymerization and the progress of the polymerization conversion rateare measured, and the reaction is terminated in a state in which asufficient amount of the monomers remains in the polymerization system.For example, in continuous polymerization, the continuous polymerizationis performed while the monomers and water are supplied to apolymerization vessel at the aforementioned compositional ratio and thegenerated polymer A is continuously collected with a sufficient amountof the monomer remaining in the polymerization system.

The dispersant usually functions as a dispersion stabilizer thatimproves the dispersibility of the oil droplets when the monomers aresubjected to suspension polymerization using water as a medium. Usually,the dispersant also has a function of preventing adhesion of the polymerto the inner wall of a reaction vessel or stirring blades, which oftencauses a problem in the suspension polymerization using an oil-solubleinitiator. In addition, the dispersant usually has a function ofpreventing coagulation of polymer particles caused by coalescence of thepolymer particles that has been generated by polymerization. Preferably,the dispersant is capable of being easily removed by subjecting theobtained polymer to a washing treatment.

As such a dispersant, e.g., a water-soluble polymer compound is used.Being water-soluble means that, when 0.5 g of the compound is dissolvedin 100 g of water at 25° C., the undissolved amount is less than 0.5% byweight. Being oil-soluble means that, when 0.5 g of a compound isdissolved in 100 g of water at 25° C., the undissolved amount is 90% byweight or more.

Examples of the water-soluble polymer compound may include:water-soluble celluloses such as methylcellulose, ethyl cellulose,carboxymethyl cellulose, and hydroxyethyl cellulose;polyvinylpyrrolidone; polyacrylamide; polyethylene oxide; polyacrylicacid and salts thereof; polymethacrylic acid and salts thereof; polymersof sulfonic acid-containing monomers such as styrene sulfonic acid andsulfopropyl methacrylate and salts thereof; water-soluble copolymers ofa sulfonic acid or carboxylic acid-containing monomer and salts thereof;and polyvinyl alcohols (appropriately referred to hereinbelow as “PVA”).Of these, polyvinyl alcohols are preferred. Among the polyvinylalcohols, a partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol having a degree ofsaponification of 85% to 95% is used, particularly preferredpolymerization results are obtained.

As the dispersant, one species thereof may be solely used, or acombination of two or more species thereof may be used at any ratio.

The using amount of the dispersant may be arbitrarily determined so longas the polymer A having the desired weight-average molecular weight Mwand the desired molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn is obtained.However, from the viewpoint of obtaining preferable polymerizationresults, the amount of the dispersant is preferably 0.05% by weight ormore and more preferably 0.1% by weight or more, and is preferably 2% byweight or less on the basis of the total weight of the monomers.

As the polymerization initiator for the polymer A in the presentinvention, an oil-soluble radical initiator is usually used to initiatethe reaction. Examples of the oil-soluble radical initiator may includeazo-based compounds and organic peroxides.

Examples of the azo-based compounds may include2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (appropriately referred to hereinbelow as“AIBN”), 2,2′-azobis(2-methyl-butyronitrile),2,2′-azobis(2-isopropylbutyronitrile),2,2′-azobis(2,3-dimethylbutyronitrile),2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylbutyronitrile),2,2′-azobis(2-methylcapronitrile),2,2′-azobis(2,3,3-trimethylbutyronitrile),2,2′-azobis(2,4,4-trimethylvaleronitrile),2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile),2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethyl-4-ethoxyvaleronitrile),2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethyl-4-n-butoxyvaleronitrile),2,2′-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile),2,2′-azobis[N-(2-propenyl)-2-methylpropionamide],2,2′-azobis(N-butyl-2-methylpropionamide),2,2′-azobis(N-cyclohexyl-2-methylpropionamide),1,1-azobis(1-acetoxy-1-phenylethane),1,1′-azobis(cyclohexane-1-carbonitrile),dimethyl-2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionate),dimethyl-2,2′-azobisisobutyrate, 2-(carbamoylazo)isobutyronitrile, and4,4′-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid).

Other examples of the azo-based polymerization initiator may include azopolymer-based polymerization initiators. Examples of the azopolymer-based polymerization initiators may include polydimethylsiloxaneunit-containing azo polymer-based polymerization initiators andpolyethylene glycol unit-containing azo polymer-based polymerizationinitiators. Specific examples of the polydimethylsiloxaneunit-containing azo polymer-based polymerization initiators may include“VPS-0501” and “VPS-1001” manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries,Ltd. Specific examples of the polyethylene glycol unit-containing azopolymer-based polymerization initiators may include “VPE-0201”,“VPE-0401”, and “VPE-0601” manufactured by Wako Pure ChemicalIndustries, Ltd.

Examples of the organic peroxides may include: diacyl peroxides such asacetyl peroxide, propionyl peroxide, isobutyl peroxide, octanoylperoxide, decanoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoylperoxide, benzoyl peroxide, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, anddi-2-ethylhexyl peroxydicarbonate; and peroxyesters such as t-butylperoxy isobutyrate, t-butyl peroxy pivalate, t-butyl peroxyneodecanoate, and t-butyl peroxy laurate.

Of these, azo compounds are preferred in terms of safety in handling(anti-shock stability) and performance. Of these, an azo compound havinga 10 hour half-life period temperature of usually 30° C. or higher andpreferably 50° C. or higher and usually 100° C. or lower and preferably90° C. or lower is desirable. Specific examples of such an azo compoundmay include 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (for example, “AIBN”manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co Ltd., 10 hour half-lifeperiod temperature: 65° C.), 2,2′-azobis(2-methyl-butyronitrile) (forexample, “V-59” manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., 10hour half-life period temperature: 67° C.),2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (for example, “V-65” manufacturedby Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., 10 hour half-life periodtemperature: 51° C.), 1,1-azobis(1-acetoxy-1-phenylethane) (for example,“OTAZO-15” manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd., 10 hour half-lifeperiod temperature: 61° C.), anddimethyl-2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionate) (for example, “V-601”manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., 10 hour half-lifeperiod temperature: 66° C.). These are preferable for the suspensiondispersion polymerization using water having a boiling point of 100° C.as a dispersion medium. From the viewpoint of toxicity of decomposedproducts, 1,1-azobis(1-acetoxy-1-phenylethane) anddimethyl-2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionate), which are non-nitrile-basedinitiators, are particularly preferred, also from the viewpoint ofenvironmental sanitation.

As the oil-soluble initiator, one species thereof may be solely used, ora combination of two or more species thereof may be used at any ratio.

The using amount of the oil-soluble initiator varies depending on itsperformance (for example, 10 hour half-life period temperature) andpolymerization conditions such as the concentrations and compositions ofthe monomers, polymerization temperature, and the degree of stirring,and therefore it is difficult to univocally define the amount. Usually,the using amount on the basis of 100 parts by weight of the totalmonomers may be as follows. In the case of using2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile, the using amount may be 0.1 parts to 2parts. In the case of using 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), theusing amount may be 0.1 parts to 3 parts. In the case of using1,1-azobis(1-acetoxy-1-phenylethane), the using amount may be 0.1 partsto 4 parts. In the case of usingdimethyl-2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionate), the using amount may be 0.1parts to 3 parts. Particularly, in order to obtain the polymer A havinga weight-average molecular weight Mw of 1,000,000 or higher, preferableusing amount may be as follows. In the case of using2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile, the using amount may be 0.1 parts to 0.5parts. In the case of using 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), theusing amount may be 0.15 parts to 0.8 parts. In the case of using1,1-azobis(1-acetoxy-1-phenylethane), the using amount may be 0.1 partsto 1 part. In the case of usingdimethyl-2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionate), the using amount may be 0.1parts to 0.8 parts.

When the polymer A is polymerized, the oil-soluble initiator is used forinitiating the polymerization reaction. However, a water-solubleinitiator may also be used within the range in which the weight-averagemolecular weight and distribution according to the present invention arenot impaired. For example, in order to take measures against residualmonomers, a water-soluble initiator may be allowed to be present in thelatter half of the polymerization reaction to cause the polymerizationreaction of the unreacted monomers to proceed.

Examples of the water-soluble initiator may include: persulfates such asammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and sodium persulfate;water-soluble peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide; water-soluble azocompounds such as 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine hydrochloride); andredox-type initiators obtained by combining oxidizing agents such aspersulfates and reducing agents such as sodium hydrogen sulfite,ammonium hydrogen sulfite, sodium thiosulfate, and hydrosulfite. Ofthese, persulfates and water-soluble azo compounds are preferred fromthe viewpoint of, e.g., ease of polymerization reaction of the polymer.Among the persulfates, ammonium persulfate is particularly preferredfrom the viewpoint of, e.g., solubility in water and handlingcapability.

A chain transfer agent may be present in the polymerization system. Theuse of the chain transfer agent enables appropriate control of thepolymerization reaction rate, so that non-uniform coagulation andcoalescence of the polymer particles can be suppressed.

Examples of the chain transfer agent may include: alkyl mercaptans suchas n-hexyl mercaptan, n-octyl mercaptan, t-octyl mercaptan, n-dodecylmercaptan, t-dodecyl mercaptan, and n-stearyl mercaptan; xanthogencompounds such as dimethyl xanthogen disulfide, diethyl xanthogendisulfide, and diisopropyl xanthogen disulfide; an α-methylstyrenedimer; terpinolene; thiuram-based compounds such as tetramethylthiuramdisulfide, tetraethylthiuram disulfide, and tetramethylthiurammonosulfide; phenol-based compounds such as2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol and styrenated phenol; allyl compoundssuch as allyl alcohol; halogenated hydrocarbon compounds such asdichloromethane, dibromomethane, carbon tetrachloride, and carbontetrabromide; triphenylethane; pentaphenylethane; acrolein;methacrolein; thioglycolic acid; and 2-ethylhexyl thioglycolate. Interms of handling capability and cost performance, t-dodecyl mercaptan(TDM) and an α-methylstyrene dimer (α-MSD) are preferable as the chaintransfer agent. As the chain transfer agent, one species thereof may besolely used, or a combination of two or more species thereof may be usedat any ratio. When TDM is used, the amount thereof may be set to 0.4parts by weight or less and preferably 0.25 parts by weight or less onthe basis of 100 parts by weight of the monomers for use, since therebythe polymerization reaction rate can be controlled with no reduction inmolecular weight and no coalescence and coagulation of the polymerparticles.

The aforementioned components such as water, the monomers, thedispersant, the oil-soluble initiator, and the chain transfer agent maybe mixed in any order, so long as the polymer A can be obtained.Usually, an aqueous solution of the water-soluble dispersant is firstlyprepared. Then the aqueous solution of the dispersant, the monomers, andthe chain transfer agent are mixed to prepare a mixed dispersion liquid.The mixed dispersion liquid thus prepared is then mixed with a solutionthat has been obtained by dissolving the oil-soluble initiator in thenitrile group-containing monomer. Most of water-soluble polymercompounds used as the dispersant are solid materials in, e.g., powdery,granular, or granulated form. Therefore, when the dispersant is mixed atonce with water, an undissolved residue (so-called “undissolved lumps”)may be formed. When the aqueous dispersant solution containing theundissolved residue is mixed with the monomers and the chain transferagent, the intrinsic function of the dispersant may not be fullyachieved, so that the desired polymer may not be obtained.

For example, when a partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol is used asthe dispersant, the following procedure is preferred. Firstly, thedispersant is gradually added to water at room temperature understirring and well-dispersed therein. Then while the stirring iscontinued, temperature is gradually increased to about 60° C.-80° C.,and the stirring is further continued for 30 minutes to 60 minutes todissolve the dispersant. When the temperature is increased, a rapidincrease in temperature is not preferred because thereby vigorousfoaming may occur.

With the thus-obtained aqueous solution of the partially saponifiedpolyvinyl alcohol, monomers such as acrylonitrile are mixed to prepare amixed dispersion liquid. When the chain transfer agent is used, it ispreferable that the chain transfer agent is dissolved in an aliquot ofacrylonitrile and then added.

Then the prepared mixed dispersion liquid is mixed with the oil-solubleinitiator. When the oil-soluble initiator is in a powdery form and isdirectly fed to a reaction vessel, the powders may adhere to an upperpart of a reaction vessel wall, and a predetermined amount of theoil-soluble initiator may not be fed to the reaction system. Inaddition, safety problems associated with dust handling operations mayarise. Therefore, in order to reliably feed the predetermined amount ofthe oil-soluble initiator to the reaction vessel for initiatingpolymerization in the dispersed oil droplets of the predeterminedacrylonitrile monomer, it is preferable that part of the acrylonitrilefor use is separated in advance, and this solution is fed to thereaction polymerization vessel to initiate the polymerization.

In order to maintain stable polymerization in the suspensionpolymerization, it is preferable to stir the polymerization system.Stirring can improve the dispersibility of the particles of the polymerA generated, whereby coagulation of the particles of the polymer A thatcauses the formation of lumps and adhesion of the polymer A to thepolymerization vessel can be prevented. Therefore, a normalpolymerization state can be stably maintained. However, excessivelystrong stirring may inhibit production of the polymer A with highmolecular weight, and may also cause decrease in polymerizationconversion rate. In addition, excessively strong stirring may requires alarge amount of energy cost. Therefore, it is preferable to avoidexcessively strong stirring, from the viewpoint of productionefficiency.

Preferably, the stirring apparatus has a blade shape such as a paddleblade shape, a turbine blade shape, or an anchor blade shape.

The polymerization temperature is a factor that greatly contributes tothe molecular weight. The polymerization temperature is set inconsideration of, e.g., the type of oil-soluble initiator, the molecularweight to be achieved, and the polymerization conversion rate. Thereforeit is difficult to univocally define the polymerization temperature.Usually, for suspension polymerization in an industrial scale usingwater having a boiling point of 100° C. as the dispersion medium, thepolymerization temperature is preferably 40° C. or higher and morepreferably 50° C. or higher and is preferably 90° C. or lower and morepreferably 80° C. or lower.

During the aforementioned suspension polymerization, the particles ofthe polymer A are generated in water as particles of about severalhundreds of micrometers to several millimeters that are precipitated anddeposited. The thus-obtained composition containing water and thepolymer A may contain a low-molecular weight polymer in its aqueousphase. Therefore, it is preferable that, if necessary, the water and thepolymer A are separated through, e.g., a filter, and the polymer A iswashed and purified.

[1-2. Polymer B]

The polymer B contains a repeating unit derived from acrylonitrile ormethacrylonitrile (appropriately, referred to hereinbelow as a“(meth)acrylonitrile unit”). The polymer B may contain only therepeating unit derived from acrylonitrile, may contain only therepeating unit derived from methacrylonitrile, or may contain acombination of the repeating unit derived from acrylonitrile and therepeating unit derived from methacrylonitrile. When the polymer Bcontains the (meth)acrylonitrile unit, appropriate compatibility can beobtained without impairing the property of the polymer A including thenitrile unit as the main component.

The polymer B contains the (meth)acrylonitrile unit in an amount ofpreferably 10% by weight or more and preferably 40% by weight or less,more preferably 35% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 30%by weight or less. By setting the amount of the (meth)acrylonitrile unitwithin the aforementioned range, the peel strength of the electrodematerial layer is improved, and the electrode material layer can haveresistance against cracking.

The polymer B also contains a repeating unit other than the(meth)acrylonitrile unit. The repeating unit other than the(meth)acrylonitrile unit may be any unit so long as the effects of thepresent invention are not significantly impaired. However, it ispreferable that an ethylenically unsaturated compound unit is contained.The ethylenically unsaturated compound unit is a repeating unit derivedfrom an ethylenically unsaturated compound, and examples of theethylenically unsaturated compound may include (meth)acrylate estermonomers.

Examples of the (meth)acrylate ester monomers may include: alkylacrylate esters such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propylacrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, pentylacrylate, hexyl acrylate, heptyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexylacrylate, nonyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, n-tetradecylacrylate, and stearyl acrylate; and alkyl methacrylate esters such asmethyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate,isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate,pentyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, heptyl methacrylate, octylmethacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, nonyl methacrylate, decylmethacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, n-tetradecyl methacrylate, andstearyl methacrylate.

Of these, alkyl acrylate esters in which the alkyl group bonded to thenon-carbonyl oxygen atom has 7 to 13 carbon atoms are preferred becausethey do not cause dissolution into the electrolyte solution, so thatthey are appropriately swelled with the electrolyte solution andtherefore exhibit lithium ion conductivity, and because they are lesslikely to cause cross-linking coagulation of the polymer in thedispersion in the electrode active material. For example, heptylacrylate, octyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, decylacrylate, and lauryl acrylate are preferred. Of these, alkyl acrylateesters in which the alkyl group bonded to the non-carbonyl oxygen atomhas 8 to 10 carbon atoms are preferred, and, e.g., octyl acrylate,2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and nonyl acrylate are more preferred.

Other examples of the ethylenically unsaturated compound may includevinyl monomers having a carboxylic acid group. Examples of the vinylmonomers having a carboxylic acid group may include: monocarboxylicacids and derivatives thereof; and dicarboxylic acids and derivativesthereof.

Examples of the monocarboxylic acids may include acrylic acid,methacrylic acid, and crotonic acid. Examples of the derivatives of themonocarboxylic acids may include 2-ethyl acrylic acid, isocrotonic acid,α-acetoxy acrylic acid, β-trans-aryloxy acrylic acid,α-chloro-β-E-methoxy acrylic acid, and β-diamino acrylic acid. Examplesof the dicarboxylic acids may include maleic acid, fumaric acid, anditaconic acid. Examples of the derivatives of the dicarboxylic acids mayinclude: methyl allyl maleic acids such as methyl maleic acid, dimethylmaleic acid, phenyl maleic acid, chloro maleic acid, dichloro maleicacid, and fluoro maleic acid; and maleic acid monoesters such asdiphenyl maleate, nonyl maleate, decyl maleate, dodecyl maleate,octadecyl maleate, and fluoroalkyl maleate.

Of these, vinyl monomers having a carboxylic acid group are preferredbecause of their have high adhesion to a current collector, anddispersion stability in an electrode slurry which will be describedlater. Of these, monocarboxylic acids having a carboxylic acid group and5 or less carbon atoms, such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid anddicarboxylic acids having two carboxylic acid groups and 5 or lesscarbon atoms such as maleic acid, itaconic acid, and fumaric acid arepreferred. Further, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and maleic acid aremore preferred, because of higher storage stability they can give to thebinder solution containing the produced polymer B, high stability of theelectrode slurry when the polymer B is co-used with the polymer A, andhigh peel strength of the electrode obtained using the electrode slurry.

The ethylenically unsaturated compound may be, e.g., a compound obtainedusing as part of raw material units any of α-olefins such as ethylene,propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, isobutene, and 3-methyl-1-butene andconjugated dienes such as 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (isoprene),2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 1,3-hexadiene, and1,3-butadiene. When a conjugated diene is used, those which have beensubjected to a hydrogenation reaction (appropriately referred tohereinbelow as “hydrogenation”) is usually used. In this case, ahydrogenated product of a polymer obtained using 1,3-butadiene isparticularly preferred because of ease of polymerization reaction.

No particular limitation is imposed on the method for performing thehydrogenation reaction, and any ordinary method may be used. Forexample, an organic solvent solution of a diene-based polymer is broughtinto contact with hydrogen gas to react therewith in the presence of ahydrogenation reaction catalyst such as Raney nickel, a titanocene-basedcompound, or an aluminum-supported nickel catalyst. When the diene-basedpolymer has been obtained by emulsion polymerization, it is preferableto perform the reaction by adding a hydrogenation reaction catalyst suchas palladium acetate to a polymerization reaction solution, and bringingthe resultant aqueous emulsion into contact with hydrogen gas, sincesuch a reaction can be performed with less complexity.

The polymer B contains the ethylenically unsaturated compound unit in anamount of preferably 60% by weight or more, more preferably 65% byweight or more, and particularly preferably 70% by weight or more, andpreferably 90% by weight or less. As will be described later, thepolymer B has low iodine number, and therefore has small amount ofunsaturated bonds in the main chain of the polymer structure, so thatthe polymer B has oxidation resistance. Since the polymer B has aspecific grass transition temperature as will be described later, thepolymer B is more flexible than the polymer A. Therefore, thecombination of the hard and strong polymer A with the flexible polymer Bcan improve the foldability of the binder composition of the presentinvention, so that the peel strength of the electrode material layer canbe further improved.

The iodine number of the polymer B is usually 50 g/100 g or smaller,preferably 30 g/100 g or smaller, and more preferably 25 g/100 g orsmaller. Having such a low iodine number means that the polymer Bcontains small amount of unsaturated bonds. Since the polymer B containssmall amount of unsaturated bonds, the polymer B has oxidationresistance. Therefore, the foldability of the binder composition of thepresent invention containing the polymer B can be improved, so that thebreakage and peeling of the electrode material layer caused by stressduring production of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery or duringcharging and discharging can be stably prevented. In addition, cycleproperty can be further improved.

The iodine number may be determined in accordance with JIS-K0070 (1992).

The glass transition temperature of the polymer B is preferably −80° C.or higher and more preferably −60° C. or higher and is preferably −20°C. or lower and more preferably −30° C. or lower. When the grasstransition temperature of the polymer B is within the aforementionedrange, the flexibility and strength of the electrode material layerusing the binder composition of the present invention are well balanced,so that both the cycle property and peel strength can be stablyimproved.

In the binder composition of the present invention, the weight ratio ofthe polymer A relative to the polymer B (the polymer A/the polymer B) isusually 3/7 or higher and preferably 4/6 or higher and is usually 8/2 orlower and preferably 7/3 or lower. By combining the polymer A and thepolymer B within the aforementioned range, the flexibility and strengthof the electrode material layer using the binder composition of thepresent invention can be well balanced, so that both the cycle propertyand peel strength can be stably improved.

[1-3. Other Components]

The binder composition of the present invention may contain optionalcomponents other than the polymer A and the polymer B, so long as theeffects of the present invention are not significantly impaired.Example's of the optional components may include binders other than thepolymer A and the polymer B and the same optional components as examplesof optional components that may be contained in the electrode materiallayer or electrode slurry which will be described later. The bindercomposition of the present invention may contain only one species ofoptional component or a combination of two or more species thereof atany ratio.

[2. Binder Solution]

The binder composition of the present invention is usually prepared as aliquid (i.e., a binder solution) obtained by dissolving or dispersing,in an organic solvent, the aforementioned polymer A, polymer B, andoptional components that may be added if necessary. Usually, the solidcontents such as the polymer A, the polymer B, and the optionalcomponents that are included in the binder solution are contained in anelectrode material layer and function as, e.g., a binder.

Examples of the organic solvent may include: amides such asN-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), andN,N-dimethylformamide (DMF); ureas such as N,N-dimethylethyleneurea,N,N-dimethylpropyleneurea, and tetramethylurea; lactones such asγ-butyrolactone and γ-caprolactone; and sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Of these solvents, amides, ureas, lactones, andsolvent mixtures containing these solvents are preferred from theviewpoint of, e.g., their ability to dissolve the polymers constitutingthe binder composition of the present invention. Of these,N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) or a solvent mixture containing the same ismore preferred. As the solvent, one species thereof may be solely used,or a combination of two or more species thereof may be used at anyratio.

No particular limitation is imposed on the amount of the organic solventin the binder solution, so long as the amount is equal to or larger thanthe minimum amount necessary for the polymers constituting the bindercomposition to maintain their dissolved state at room temperature (25°C.). Usually, viscosity is controlled by adding the solvent in a slurrypreparing step for electrode production which will be described later.Therefore, the amount of the organic solvent in the binder solution maybe arbitrary set so that the binder solution is not excessively dilutedthan necessary.

Usually, the binder solution is not used immediately after productionbut is used after, e.g., storage and transportation. Since the bindercomposition of the present invention can be stably present in thesolvent in a dissolved state, the polymer A and the polymer B are lessprone to cause gelation. Therefore, the binder solution containing thebinder composition of the present invention has high storage stability.

[3. Electrode for Non-Aqueous Electrolyte Battery]

The electrode for the non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the presentinvention (i.e., the electrode of the present invention) includes acurrent collector and an electrode material layer provided on at leastone side of the current collector. The electrode material layer may beprovided on at least one side of the current collector, but it ispreferable that the electrode material layer is provided on both sides.

[3-1. Current Collector]

No particular limitation is imposed on the material of the currentcollector, so long as it has electroconductivity and iselectrochemically durable. From the viewpoint of heat resistance, thematerial is preferably a metal material such as iron, copper, aluminum,nickel, stainless steel, titanium, tantalum, gold, and platinum. Ofthese, aluminum is particularly preferred as the material of the currentcollector, for the positive electrode of a lithium ion secondarybattery, and copper is particularly preferred as the material of thecurrent collector for the negative electrode of a lithium ion secondarybattery.

No particular limitation is imposed on the shape of the currentcollector, but a sheet shaped current collector having a thickness of0.001 mm to 0.5 mm is preferred.

Preferably, the current collector is subjected to a roughing treatmentin advance of its use, in order to improve the adhesive strength of theelectrode material layer. Examples of the roughening method may includemechanical polishing method, an electrochemical polishing method, and achemical polishing method. In the mechanical polishing method, polishingcloth or paper having abrasive particles adhering thereon, grindstone,emery wheel, wire brush provided with, e.g., steel wire are used.

In order to improve the adhesive strength and electroconductivity of theelectrode material layer, an intermediate layer may be formed on thesurface of the current collector.

[3-2. Electrode Material Layer]

In the electrode of the present invention, the electrode material layercontains an electrode active material and the binder composition of thepresent invention. If necessary, the electrode material layer mayfurther contain a component other than the electrode active material andthe binder composition of the present invention. In the electrodematerial layer, the binder composition of the present inventionfunctions as a binder and performs the action of securing the electrodematerial layer to the current collector and the action of holding, inthe electrode material layer, components contained in the electrodematerial layer such as the electrode active material. In the electrodeof the present invention, the electrode material layer contains thebinder composition of the present invention. Therefore, the cycleproperty can be improved as described above.

(i) Electrode Active Material

As the electrode active material, suitable materials may be useddepending on the type of battery of the present invention. In thefollowing description, an electrode active material for a positiveelectrode is appropriately referred to as a “positive electrode activematerial”, and an electrode active material for a negative electrode isreferred to as a “negative electrode active material”. In the presentinvention, preferred examples of the battery may include lithium ionsecondary batteries and nickel metal hydride secondary batteries.Therefore, a description will be given of electrode active materialssuitable for lithium ion secondary batteries and nickel metal hydridesecondary batteries.

Firstly, the types of electrode active materials for lithium ionsecondary batteries will be described.

The positive electrode active materials for lithium ion secondarybatteries are broadly classified into materials formed of inorganiccompounds and materials formed of organic materials. Examples of thepositive electrode active materials formed of inorganic compounds mayinclude transition metal oxides, complex oxides of lithium andtransition metals, and transition metal sulfides. Examples of thetransition metals may include Fe, Co, Ni, and Mn. Specific examples ofthe positive electrode active material formed of an inorganic compoundmay include: lithium-containing complex metal oxides such as LiCoO₂,LiNiO₂, LiMnO₂, LiMn₂O₄, LiFePO₄, and LiFeVO₄; transition metal sulfidessuch as TiS₂, TiS₃, and amorphous MoS₂; and transition metal oxides suchas Cu₂V₂O₃, amorphous V₂O—P₂O₆, MoO₃, V₂O₆, and V₆O₁₃. Specific examplesof the positive electrode active material formed of an organic compoundmay include electroconductive polymer compounds such as polyacetyleneand poly-p-phenylene. A positive electrode active material formed of acomposite material that is a combination of an inorganic compound and anorganic compound may also be used. For example, an iron-based oxide maybe subjected to reduction-firing in the presence of a carbon sourcematerial to produce a composite material coated with the carbonmaterial, and this composite material may be used as the positiveelectrode active material. Although the iron-based oxide tends to havelow electroconductivity, it can be used as a high-performance positiveelectrode active material by forming such a composite material. Acompound obtained by partial element substitution of any of theaforementioned compounds may also be used as the positive electrodeactive material.

As the positive electrode active material, one species thereof may besolely used, or a combination of two or more species thereof may be usedat any ratio. A mixture of any of the aforementioned inorganic compoundsand any of the aforementioned organic compounds may also be used as thepositive electrode active material.

Examples of the negative electrode active materials for lithium ionsecondary batteries may include: carbonaceous materials such asamorphous carbon, graphite, natural graphite, mesocarbon microbeads, andpitch-based carbon fibers; and electroconductive polymer compounds suchas polyacene. Other examples may include: metals such as silicon, tin,zinc, manganese, iron, and nickel and alloys thereof; oxides of theaforementioned metals and alloys; and sulfates of the aforementionedmetals and alloys. Still other examples may include: metal lithium;lithium alloys such as Li—Al, Li—Bi—Cd, and Li—Sn—Cd; lithium-transitionmetal nitrides; lithium-titanium complex oxides; and silicon carbide(Si—O—C).

As an electrode active material, a material having a surface to which anelectroconductivity imparting material adheres by a mechanical modifyingmethod may also be used. As the negative electrode active material, onespecies thereof may be solely used, or a combination of two or morespecies thereof may be used at any ratio.

Subsequently, the types of electrode active materials for nickel metalhydride secondary batteries will be described.

Examples of the positive electrode active material for the nickel metalhydride secondary battery may include nickel hydroxide particles. Thenickel hydroxide particles may contain, e.g., cobalt, zinc and cadmiumin a solid solution state. The nickel hydroxide particles may have asurface coated with an alkaline-heat-treated cobalt compound. The nickelhydroxide particles may contain additives such as: yttrium oxide; cobaltcompounds such as cobalt oxide, metal cobalt, and cobalt hydroxide; zinccompounds such as metal zinc, zinc oxide, and zinc hydroxide; and rareearth compounds such as erbium oxide. As the positive electrode activematerial, one species thereof may be solely used, or a combination oftwo or more species thereof may be used at any ratio.

As the negative electrode active material for the nickel metal hydridesecondary battery, hydrogen-absorption alloy particles are usually used.

No particular limitation is imposed on the hydrogen-absorption alloyparticles, so long as, they can absorb hydrogen which iselectrochemically generated in the non-aqueous electrolyte solutionduring charging of the non-aqueous battery and can easily release theabsorbed hydrogen during discharging. Particles selected from the groupconsisting of AB₅ type-based, TiNi-based, and TiFe-basedhydrogen-absorption alloy particles are particularly preferred. Specificexamples thereof may include LaNi₅, MmNi₅ (Mm is a misch metal), LmNi₅(Lm is one or more species selected from rare earth elements includingLa), as well as multielement-type hydrogen-absorption alloy particles inwhich a part of Ni in these alloys is substituted with one or morespecies of element selected from the group consisting of Al, Mn, Co, Ti,Cu, Zn, Zr, Cr, and B. Particularly, hydrogen-absorption alloy particleshaving a composition represented by the general formula:LmNi_(w)Co_(x)Mn_(y)Al_(z) (atom ratio values w, x, y, and z arepositive numbers satisfying 4.80≦w+x+y+z≦5.40) are suitable becausethereby micronization associated with progress of charging anddischarging cycles is suppressed, and the charging/discharging cyclelife is improved. As the negative electrode active material, one speciesthereof may be solely used, or a combination of two or more speciesthereof may be used at any ratio.

The particle diameters of the electrode active materials for any of alithium ion secondary battery and a nickel metal hydride secondarybattery may be appropriately selected in consideration of theconstituent elements of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery.

The 50% volume cumulative diameter of the positive electrode activematerial is usually 0.1 μm or larger and preferably 1 μm or larger andis usually 50 μm or smaller and preferably 20 μm or smaller, from theviewpoint of improvement of battery property such as rate property andcycle property.

The 50% volume cumulative diameter of the negative electrode activematerial is usually 1 μm or larger and preferably 15 μm or larger and isusually 50 μm or smaller and preferably 40 μm or smaller, from theviewpoint of improvement of battery property such as initial efficiency,rate property, and cycle property.

When the 50% volume cumulative diameters of the positive electrodeactive material and the negative electrode active material are withinthe aforementioned ranges, a secondary battery having high rate propertyand cycle property can be achieved, and ease of handling duringproduction of an electrode slurry and electrodes is achieved.

The 50% volume cumulative diameter is a particle diameter when acumulative volume calculated from the smallest diameter side in aparticle size distribution measured by a laser diffraction methodreaches 50%.

(ii) Binder (Binder Composition of the Present Invention)

The electrode material layer contains the binder composition of thepresent invention as a binder. In this case, the amount of the bindercomposition of the present invention in terms of solid content on thebasis of 100 parts by weight of the electrode active material ispreferably 0.3 parts by weight or more, more preferably 0.5 parts byweight or more, and particularly preferably 0.8 parts by weight or moreand is preferably 5 parts by weight or less, more preferably 3.5 partsby weight or less, and particularly preferably 2 parts by weight orless. When the amount of the binder composition of the present inventionis equal to or larger than the lower limit value of the aforementionedrange, the strength of the electrode can be increased, and the peelstrength of the electrode material layer can be improved. When theamount is equal to or lower than the upper limit value of theaforementioned range, battery property such as cycle property can beimproved.

(iii) Other Components

The electrode material layer may contain optional components other thanthe electrode active material and the binder composition of the presentinvention, so long as the effects of the present invention are notsignificantly impaired. The electrode material layer may contain onlyone species of the optional component or may contain two or more speciesof optional components.

For example, the electrode material layer may contain aelectroconductive agent (also referred to as anelectroconductivity-imparting material). Examples of theelectroconductive agent may include: electroconductive carbon such asacetylene black, Ketjen black, carbon black, graphite, vapor phase-growncarbon fibers, and carbon nanotubes; powders of carbon such as graphitepowder; and fibers and foils of a variety of metals. The use of theelectroconductive agent can improve electric contact between electrodeactive materials. Particularly, when the electroconductive agent is usedin a lithium ion secondary battery, discharge rate property can beimproved.

The using amount of the electroconductive agent on the basis of 100parts by weight of the electrode active material is usually 0.1 parts byweight or more and preferably 0.5 parts by weight or more and is usually5 parts by weight or less and preferably 4 parts by weight or less.

The electrode material layer may contain, e.g., a reinforcing material.Examples of the reinforcing material may include a variety of inorganicand organic spherical, plate-shaped, rod-shaped, and fiber-shapedfillers.

The using amount of the reinforcing agent on the basis of 100 parts byweight of the electrode active material is usually 0 parts by weight ormore and preferably 1 part by weight or more and is usually 20 parts byweight or less and preferably 10 parts by weight or less.

In addition to the aforementioned components, the electrode materiallayer may further contain, e.g., trifluoropropylene carbonate, vinylenecarbonate, catechol carbonate, 1,6-dioxaspiro[4,4]nonane-2,7-dione, and12-crown-4-ether, in order to improve the stability and life of thebattery of the present invention.

(iv) Thickness of Electrode Material Layer

The thickness of the electrode material layer in each of the positiveelectrode and the negative electrode is usually 5 μm or larger andpreferably 10 μm or larger and is usually 300 μm or smaller andpreferably 250 μm or smaller.

[3-3. Method for Producing Battery]

The electrode of the present invention is produced by, e.g., dissolvingor dispersing in a solvent the components to be contained in theelectrode material layer to prepare an electrode slurry, then applyingthe electrode slurry onto a surface of a current collector, and dryingthe applied electrode slurry.

The electrode slurry contains the electrode active material, the bindercomposition of the present invention, and the solvent. The slurryfurther contains an optional component that are contained if necessaryin the electrode material layer.

As the solvent for the electrode slurry, any solvent that can dissolvethe binder composition of the present invention or can disperse thebinder composition of the present invention in a form of particles maybe used. When a solvent that can dissolve the binder composition of thepresent invention is used, the dispersion of the electrode activematerial etc. is stabilized because the binder composition of thepresent invention is attached onto their surfaces. It is preferable toselect the specific type of solvent on the basis of drying rate and fromthe environmental point of view.

Examples of the solvent for the electrode slurry may include: cyclicaliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane; aromatichydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; ketones such as ethyl methylketone and cyclohexanone; esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate,γ-butyrolactone, and ε-caprolactone; acylonitriles such as acetonitrileand propionitrile; ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and ethylene glycoldiethyl ether; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyleneglycol, and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether; and amides such asN-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Of these,N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) is particularly preferred as the solvent forthe electrode slurry, from the viewpoint of dispersion stability andcoating ability. The solvent for the binder solution as it is may beused as the solvent for the electrode slurry. As the solvent for theelectrode slurry, one species thereof may be solely used, or acombination of two or more species thereof may be used at any ratio.

The amount of the solvent in the electrode slurry may be adjusted suchthat a viscosity suitable for coating depending on the types ofelectrode active material and binder composition of the presentinvention is obtained. More specifically, the amount of the solvent foruse may be adjusted such that the concentration of solid content in theelectrode slurry (i.e., the total solid concentration of the electrodeactive material, the binder composition of the present invention, andoptional components that is contained if necessary) is preferably 30% byweight or more and more preferably 40% by weight or more and ispreferably 90% by weight or less and more preferably 80% by weight orless.

The electrode slurry may contain a thickener. As the thickener, apolymer soluble in the solvent for the electrode slurry is usually used.Examples of the thickener may include: cellulose-based polymers such ascarboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, and hydroxypropylcellulose andammonium salts and alkali metal salts thereof; (modified)poly(meth)acrylic acid and ammonium salts and alkali metal saltsthereof; polyvinyl alcohols such as (modified) polyvinyl alcohols,copolymers of acrylic acid or acrylate salts with vinyl alcohol, andcopolymers of maleic anhydride, maleic acid, or fumaric acid with vinylalcohol; polyethylene glycol; polyethylene oxide; polyvinylpyrrolidone;modified polyacrylic acid; oxidized starch; starch phosphate; casein;and a variety of modified starches. In the present invention,“(modified) poly-” means “unmodified poly-” or “modified poly-”. As thethickener, one species thereof may be solely used, or a combination oftwo or more species thereof may be used at any ratio.

The electrode slurry is obtained by, e.g., mixing the electrode activematerial, the binder composition of the present invention, the solvent,and an optional component that is used if necessary. Usually, theelectrode slurry is produced using the binder solution. Therefore, whenthe solvent of the binder solution can be used as the solvent for theelectrode slurry, the solvent for the electrode slurry does not have tobe mixed in addition to the solvent of the binder solution.

No particular limitation is imposed on the order of mixing thecomponents. For example, the aforementioned components may be suppliedto a mixer at once and simultaneously mixed. When the electrode activematerial, the binder composition of the present invention, the solvent,and the electroconductive material are mixed as the components of theelectrode slurry, it is usually preferable that a slurry containing thebinder composition of the present invention and the electroconductiveagent, and a slurry containing the binder composition of the presentinvention and the electrode active material are separately prepared,then these slurries are mixed, and the concentrations are adjusted witha solvent, to thereby obtain the electrode slurry.

Examples of the mixer may include a ball mill, sand mill, a pigmentdisperser, a grinder, an ultrasonic disperser, a homogenizer, aplanetary mixer, and a Hobart mixer. Of these, a planetary mixer ispreferred because the use thereof can suppress coagulation of theelectroconductive material and the electrode active material.

The 50% volume cumulative diameter of the particles contained in theelectrode slurry is preferably 35 μm or smaller and more preferably 25μm or smaller. When the 50% volume cumulative diameter of the particlescontained in the electrode slurry is within the aforementioned range,high dispersion of the electroconductive material is obtained, and ahomogeneous electrode can thus be obtained. Therefore, it is preferablethat the mixing by the mixer is performed to a degree in which the 50%volume cumulative diameter of the particles contained in the electrodeslurry falls within the aforementioned range.

Usually, the electrode slurry is not used immediately after productionbut is used after, e.g., storage and transportation. Since the bindercomposition of the present invention can be stably present in thesolvent in a dissolved state, the electrode active material is lessprone to cause precipitation, coagulation and gelation. Therefore, theelectrode slurry containing the binder composition of the presentinvention has high storage stability.

After the electrode slurry is prepared, the prepared electrode slurry isapplied onto the surface of a current collector. No particularlimitation is imposed on the application method. Examples of theapplication method may include a doctor blade method, a dipping method,a reverse roll method, a direct roll method, a gravure method, anextrusion method, and a brush coating method. When the electrode slurryis applied onto the current collector, the solid content of theelectrode slurry (e.g., the electrode active material, and the bindercomposition of the present invention) adheres to the surface of thecurrent collector in a layer form.

After application of the electrode slurry, the solid content of theelectrode slurry that has adhered in a layer form are dried. Examples ofthe drying method may include: drying by, e.g., warm air, hot air, andlow-moisture air; vacuum drying; and drying by irradiation with infraredrays, far-infrared rays, and an electron beam. In this manner, anelectrode material layer is formed on the surface of the currentcollector, whereby the electrode of the present invention is obtained.

If necessary, a heat treatment may be performed after the application ofthe electrode slurry. The heat treatment may be performed, e.g., at atemperature of about 80° C. to about 120° C. for 10 minutes to 1 hour.In addition, in order to remove the residual solvent and adsorbed waterin the electrode, vacuum drying may be performed, e.g., at a temperatureof 100° C. to 150° C. for 1 hour to 20 hours.

It is preferable to subsequently perform a pressure treatment onto theelectrode material layer using, e.g., a die press, or a roll press. As aresult of the pressure treatment, the porosity of the electrode materiallayer can be reduced. The porosity is preferably 5% or higher and morepreferably 7% or higher and is preferably 15% or lower and morepreferably 13% or lower. Too low porosity might cause difficulty inelevating volumetric capacity, and might also increase tendency to causepeel-off of the electrode material layer to induce defects. Too highporosity might cause decrease in charging efficiency and dischargingefficiency.

[4. Non-Aqueous Electrolyte Battery]

The non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention (i.e., thebattery of the present invention) includes a positive electrode, anegative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and at leastone of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is theelectrode of the present invention. Usually, the battery of the presentinvention is a secondary battery and may be, e.g., a lithium ionsecondary battery or a nickel metal hydride secondary battery.Particularly, the battery of the present invention is preferably alithium ion secondary battery. Since the battery of the presentinvention includes the electrode of the present invention produced usingthe binder composition of the present invention, the battery of thepresent invention has high cycle property. In addition to the positiveelectrode, the negative electrode and the non-aqueous electrolytesolution, the battery of the present invention may further includeanother constituent, such as a separator.

[4-1. Electrode]

In the battery of the present invention, the electrode of the presentinvention is used as at least one of the positive electrode and thenegative electrode. The electrode of the present invention may be usedas the positive electrode or the negative electrode or used as both thepositive electrode and the negative electrode.

[4-2. Non-Aqueous Electrolyte Solution]

The non-aqueous electrolyte solution usually contains an organic solventand an electrolyte dissolved in the organic solvent.

(i) Organic Solvent

As the organic solvent for use, a solvent may be appropriately selectedfrom known solvents for non-aqueous electrolyte solutions. Examples ofsuch an organic solvent may include cyclic carbonates having nounsaturated bond, chain carbonates, cyclic ethers, chain ethers, cycliccarboxylate esters, chain carboxylate esters, and phosphorus-containingorganic solvents.

Examples of the cyclic carbonates having no unsaturated bond may includealkylene carbonates having an alkylene group with 2 to 4 carbon atomssuch as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate.Of these, ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate are preferred.

Examples of the chain carbonates may include dialkyl carbonates havingan alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as dimethyl carbonate,diethyl carbonate, di-n-propyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate,methyl-n-propyl carbonate, and ethyl-n-propyl carbonate. Of these,dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate arepreferred.

Examples of the cyclic ethers may include tetrahydrofuran and2-methyltetrahydrofuran.

Examples of the chain ethers may include dimethoxyethane anddimethoxymethane.

Examples of the cyclic carboxylate esters may include γ-butyrolactoneand γ-valerolactone.

Examples of the chain carboxylate esters may include methyl acetate,methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, and methyl butyrate.

Examples of the phosphorus-containing organic solvents may includetrimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, dimethyl ethyl phosphate,methyl diethyl phosphate, ethylene methyl phosphate, and ethylene ethylphosphate.

As the organic solvent, one species thereof may be solely used, or acombination of two or more species thereof may be used at any ratio.However, it is preferable to use a combination of two or more types ofcompounds. For example, a solvent having a high dielectric constant suchas alkylene carbonates and cyclic carboxylate esters, and a solventhaving a low viscosity such as dialkyl carbonates and chain carboxylateesters are preferably used in combination since thereby high lithium ionconductivity is achieved and high capacity can be obtained.

(ii) Electrolyte

As the electrolyte, a suitable electrolyte may be used depending on thetype of battery of the present invention. In the non-aqueous electrolytesolution, the electrolyte is usually present as a supporting electrolytedissolved in the organic solvent. Usually, a lithium salt is used as theelectrolyte.

Examples of the lithium salt may include LiPF₆, LiAsF₆, LiBF₄, LiSbF₆,LiAlCl₄, LiClO₄, CF₃SO₃Li, C₄F₉SO₃Li, CF₃COOLi, (CF₃CO)₂NLi,(CF₃SO₂)₂NLi, and (C₂F₅SO₂)NLi. Of these, LiPF₆, LiClO₄, CF₃SO₃Li, andLiBF₄ are preferred because they are easily dissolved in the organicsolvent and have high degree of dissociation. Use of an electrolytehaving a high degree of dissociation increases the lithium ionconductivity. Therefore, the lithium ion conductivity can be controlledby selecting the type of electrolyte.

As the electrolyte, one species thereof may be solely used, or acombination of two or more species thereof may be used at any ratio.

The amount of the electrolyte contained in the non-aqueous electrolytesolution on the basis of 100% by weight of the non-aqueous electrolytesolution is usually 1% by weight or more and preferably 5% by weight ormore and is usually 30% by weight or less and preferably 20% by weightor less. Depending on the type of the electrolyte, the electrolyte maybe used at a concentration of usually 0.5 mol/L to 2.5 mol/L. If theconcentration of the electrolyte is too low or too high, the ionconductivity tends to decrease. Usually, the lower the concentration ofthe electrolyte is, the higher the swelling degree of the polymerparticles serving as the binder. Therefore, by controlling theconcentration of the electrolyte, the lithium ion conductivity can becontrolled.

(iii) Other Components

The non-aqueous electrolyte solution may contain an optional componentother than the organic solvent and the electrolyte, so long as theeffects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. Thenon-aqueous electrolyte solution may contain only one species ofoptional component or may contain two or more species of optionalcomponents at any ratio.

Examples of the optional component may include cyclic carbonate estershaving an unsaturated bond in their molecules, an overcharge protectionagent, a deoxidizing agent, and a dehydrating agent. Examples of theadditive may include carbonate-based compounds such as vinylenecarbonate (VC).

(iv) Method for Producing Non-Aqueous Electrolyte Solution

The non-aqueous electrolyte solution may be produced by, e.g.,dissolving the electrolyte and, if necessary, an optional component inthe organic solvent. For producing the non-aqueous electrolyte solution,it is preferable that the raw materials are dehydrated in advance ofmixing. It is desirable to perform dehydration until the water contentbecomes usually 50 ppm or lower and preferably 30 ppm or lower.

[4-3. Separator]

The separator is a member provided between the positive electrode andthe negative electrode for preventing a short circuit between theelectrodes. As the separator, a porous substrate having a porous portionis usually used. Examples of the separator may include (a) a porousseparator having a porous portion, (b) a porous separator having apolymer coating layer formed on its one side or both sides, and (c) aporous separator having formed thereon a porous coating layer includingan inorganic filler or an organic filler.

As (a) the porous separator having a porous portion, e.g., a porous filmhaving a fine pore diameter, having high resistance to the organicsolvent, having no electron conductivity, but having ion conductivity,is used. Specific examples of such a porous film may include: fineporous films formed of resins such as polyolefin-based polymers (forexample, polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, and polyvinylchloride), mixtures thereof, and copolymers thereof; fine porous filmsformed of resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polycycloolefins,polyether sulfone, polyamides, polyimides, polyimideamides,polyaramides, polycycloolefins, nylon, and polytetrafluoroethylene;woven products obtained by weaving polyolefin-based fibers and nonwovenfabrics of the polyolefin-based fibers; and aggregates of insulatingmaterial particles.

Examples of (b) the porous separator having a polymer coating layerformed on its one side or both sides may include: polymer films forsolid polymer electrolytes and gel-like polymer electrolytes such aspolyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, andpolyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene copolymers; and gelatedpolymer coating layers.

Examples of (c) the porous separator having formed thereon a porouscoating layer including an inorganic filler or an organic filler mayinclude a separator coated with a porous film layer formed of aninorganic filler or an organic filler and the aforementioned dispersantfor the filler.

Of these, the separator coated with a porous film layer formed of aninorganic filler or an organic filler and the aforementioned dispersantfor the filler is preferred because the total thickness of the separatorcan be reduced to increase the ratio of the active materials in thebattery, so that the capacity per volume can be increased.

The thickness of the separator is usually 0.5 μm or larger andpreferably 1 μm or larger and is usually 40 μm or smaller, preferably 30μm or smaller, and more preferably 10 μm or smaller. When the thicknessis within this range, the resistance due to the separator in the batterydecreases, and workability during production of the battery isexcellent.

[4-4. Method for Producing Non-Aqueous Battery]

No particular limitation is imposed on the method for producing thebattery of the present invention. For example, the negative electrodeand the positive electrode are stacked with the separator interposedtherebetween, and the stack is, e.g., then wound or folded in conformitywith the battery shape, to put the stack into the battery container.Then the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is poured into the batterycontainer, and the container is sealed. If necessary, an overcurrentprotective element such as expanded metal, a fuse and a PTC element, anda lead plate may be provided, whereby a pressure increase inside thebattery and overcharging/overdischarging may be prevented. The shape ofthe battery may be any of a laminated cell type, a coin type, a buttontype, a sheet type, a cylinder type, a rectangular shape, and an oblatetype.

EXAMPLES

The present invention will be specifically described hereinbelow by wayof Examples. However, the present invention is not limited to thefollowing Examples and may be modified for implementation within thescope of the claims and equivalents thereto.

In the following description, “part” and “%” representing the amount areon the basis of weight, unless otherwise specified.

[Preparation of Compositions for Electrodes of Non-Aqueous ElectrolyteBattery]

Synthesis Example A-1

(Synthesis of Polymer A-1)

A pressure resistant vessel equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, acooling tube, and a nitrogen gas introduction tube was charged with 400parts of ion exchanged water. While the stirrer was rotated slowly,pressure was reduced (−600 mm Hg), and then the pressure was returned tonormal pressure using nitrogen gas. This procedure was repeated threetimes. Then, using a dissolved oxygen meter, the oxygen concentration ina vapor phase portion in the reaction vessel was confirmed to be 1% orlower and oxygen dissolved in water was confirmed to be 1 ppm or lower.Then 0.2 parts of partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol (“GOHSENOLGH-20” manufactured by The Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.(saponification degree: 86.5 mol % to 89.0 mol %)) serving as adispersant was gradually added and well dispersed. Then temperature wasgradually increased to 60° C. under continuous stirring, and this statewas maintained for 30 minutes to dissolve the partially saponifiedpolyvinyl alcohol.

Subsequently 85 parts of acrylonitrile serving as a nitrilegroup-containing monomer, 5 parts of methacrylic acid serving as anethylenically unsaturated compound, and 0.2 parts of t-dodecyl mercaptanserving as a chain transfer agent were put thereinto under the conditionof a nitrogen gas flow rate of 0.5 ml/min, and the resultant mixture wasstirred and mixed while keeping the temperature at 60±2° C. A solutionobtained by dissolving 0.4 parts of 1,1-azobis(1-acetoxy-1-phenylethane)(“OTAZO-15” manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.) serving as anoil-soluble polymerization initiator in 10 parts of acrylonitrileserving as the nitrile group-containing monomer was added to theaforementioned mixture to initiate the reaction. The reaction wasallowed to proceed at 60±2° C. for 3 hours. Then the reaction wascontinued at 70±2° C. for 2 hours and allowed to further proceed at80±2° C. for 2 hours. Then the mixture was cooled to 40° C. or lower tothereby obtain polymer particles. The obtained polymer particles werecollected using a 200-mesh filter cloth, washed three times with 100parts of ion exchanged water, and dried at 70° C. under reduced pressurefor 12 hours to isolate and purify the polymer particles, wherebypolymer A-1 was obtained (yield: 70%).

At this point, the inner wall of the pressure resistant vessel wasvisually checked to evaluate the state of adhesion of the polymer A tothe inner wall. The result is shown in Table 2 as a scale of status. Theevaluation in Table 2 was made in accordance with the followingcriteria.

A: The degree of adhesion was about 1/20 or smaller of the surface areaof the inner wall.

B: The degree of adhesion was larger than about 1/20 and about 1/10 orsmaller of the surface area of the inner wall.

C: The degree of adhesion was larger than about 1/10 of the surface areaof the inner wall.

(Preparation of NMP Solution and Varnish)

Then a pressure resistant vessel equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer,a cooling tube, and a nitrogen gas introduction tube was charged with1,800 parts of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (referred to hereinbelow as “NMP”)with respect to 100 parts of the polymer A-1. Temperature was increasedto 80±2° C. under stirring with the flow of a trace amount (200 mL/min)of nitrogen gas. Then dissolution was performed for 3 hours. Forremoving containing water, stirring and dissolution were continued at85±2° C. under reduced pressure (25 Torr or lower) until the watercontent became 1,000 ppm or smaller. Then the mixture was cooled to 40°C. or lower and filtrated using a 100 μm filtration filter to therebyobtain a varnish of the polymer A-1, which is a nitrile-based polymer(resin content: 6% by weight).

The weight-average molecular weight Mw and molecular weight distribution(Mw/Mn, Mn: number-average molecular weight) of the obtained polymer A-1were measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography). The GPC wasperformed in accordance with the following method usingdimethylformamide (DMF) as an eluent. The values of the measuredweight-average molecular weight Mw and molecular weight distributionMw/Mn are shown in Table 2.

<Molecular Weight Measurement (GPC Measurement)>

(Preparation of Measurement Sample)

The polymer A-1 was added to about 5 mL of the eluent such that theconcentration of solid content was about 0.5 g/L and was slowlydissolved at room temperature. After dissolution was visually checked,the solution was filtrated through a 0.45 μm filter to thereby prepare ameasurement sample.

(Measurement Conditions)

The measurement apparatus was as follows.

Columns: TSKgel α-M×2 (φ7.8 mm I.D.×30 cm×2, manufactured by TosohCorporation)

Eluent: dimethylformamide (50 mM lithium bromide, 10 mM phosphoric acid)

Flow rate: 0.5 mL/min.

Sample concentration: about 0.5 g/L (solid content concentration)

Injection amount: 200 μL

Column temperature: 40° C.

Detector: differential refractometer RI (HLC-8320 GPC RI detector,manufactured by Tosoh Corporation)

Detection conditions: RI: Pol (+), Res (1.0 s)

Molecular weight marker: standard polystyrene kit PStQuick Kit-H,manufactured by Tosoh Corporation

Synthesis Example A-2

Polymer A-2 was obtained by the same procedure as in Synthesis ExampleA-1 except that 5 parts of acrylic acid was used as the ethylenicallyunsaturated compound. The yield was 65%.

Then a varnish of the polymer A-2 was obtained by the same procedure asin Synthesis Example A-1.

The values of the weight-average molecular weight Mw and molecularweight distribution Mw/Mn of the obtained polymer A-2 are shown in Table2.

Synthesis Example A-3

Polymer A-3 was obtained by the same procedure as in Synthesis. ExampleA-1 except that the amount of partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol waschanged to 0.4 parts, the amount of acrylonitrile serving as the nitrilegroup-containing monomer was changed to 98 parts (including 10 partsused as the solvent for the polymerization initiator), the amount ofmethacrylic acid serving as the ethylenically unsaturated compound waschanged to 2 parts, and the amount of1,1-azobis(1-acetoxy-1-phenylethane) serving as the polymerizationinitiator was changed to 0.6 parts. The yield was 72%.

Then a varnish of the polymer A-3 was obtained by the same procedure asin Synthesis Example A-1.

The values of the weight-average molecular weight Mw and molecularweight distribution Mw/Mn of the obtained polymer A-3 are shown in Table2.

Synthesis Example A-4

Polymer A-4 was obtained by the same procedure as in Synthesis ExampleA-1 except that the amount of partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol waschanged to 0.3 parts, 99.5 parts of methacrylonitrile (including 10parts used as the solvent for the polymerization initiator) was used asthe nitrile group-containing monomer, 0.5 parts of acrylic acid was usedas the ethylenically unsaturated compound, and 0.2 parts of2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (“AIBN” manufactured by Tokyo ChemicalIndustry Co., Ltd.) was used as the polymerization initiator. The yieldwas 65%.

Then a varnish of the polymer A-4 was obtained by the same procedure asin Synthesis Example A-1.

The values of the weight-average molecular weight Mw and molecularweight distribution Mw/Mn of the obtained polymer A-4 are shown in Table2.

Synthesis Example A-5

Polymer A-5 was obtained by the same procedure as in Synthesis ExampleA-1 except that the amount of partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol waschanged to 0.3 parts, the amount of acrylonitrile serving as the nitrilegroup-containing monomer was changed to 85 parts (including 10 partsused as the solvent for the polymerization initiator), 5 parts ofacrylic acid and 10 parts of methacrylic acid were used as theethylenically unsaturated compounds, and 0.3 parts ofdimethyl-2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionate) (“V-601” manufactured by WakoPure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was used as the polymerizationinitiator. The yield was 65%.

Then a varnish of the polymer A-5 was obtained by the same procedure asin Synthesis Example A-1.

The values of the weight-average molecular weight Mw and molecularweight distribution Mw/Mn of the obtained polymer A-5 are shown in Table2.

Synthesis Example A-6

Polymer A-6 was obtained by the same procedure as in Synthesis ExampleA-1 except that the amount of partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol waschanged to 0.6 parts, 90 parts of acrylonitrile (including 10 parts usedas the solvent for the polymerization initiator) and 5 parts ofmethacrylonitrile were used as the nitrile group-containing monomers, 4parts of maleic acid and 1 part of itaconic acid were used as theethylenically unsaturated compounds, and the amount of1,1-azobis(1-acetoxy-1-phenylethane serving as the polymerizationinitiator was changed to 0.45 parts. The yield was 60%.

Then a varnish of the polymer A-6 was obtained by the same procedure asin Synthesis Example A-1.

The values of the weight-average molecular weight Mw and molecularweight distribution Mw/Mn of the obtained polymer A-6 are shown in Table2.

Synthesis Example A-7

Polymer A-7 was obtained by the same procedure as in Synthesis ExampleA-1 except that the amount of partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol waschanged to 0.6 parts, the amount of acrylonitrile serving as the nitrilegroup-containing monomer was changed to 90 parts (including 10 partsused as the solvent for the polymerization initiator), 5 parts ofmethacrylic acid and 5 parts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (abbreviated as“2-EHA”) were used as the ethylenically unsaturated compounds, and theamount of 1,1-azobis(1-acetoxy-1-phenylethane) serving as thepolymerization initiator was changed to 0.5 parts. The yield was 63%.

Then a varnish of the polymer A-7 was obtained by the same procedure asin Synthesis Example A-1.

The values of the weight-average molecular weight Mw and molecularweight distribution Mw/Mn of the obtained polymer A-7 are shown in Table3.

Synthesis Example A-8

Polymer A-8 was obtained by the same procedure as in Synthesis ExampleA-1 except that the amount of acrylonitrile serving as the nitrilegroup-containing monomer was changed to 100 parts (including 10 partsused as the solvent for the polymerization initiator), and noethylenically unsaturated compound was used. The yield was 70%.

Then a varnish of the polymer A-8 was obtained by the same procedure asin Synthesis Example A-1.

The values of the weight-average molecular weight Mw and molecularweight distribution Mw/Mn of the obtained polymer A-8 are shown in Table3.

Synthesis Example A-9

Polymer A-9 was obtained by the same procedure as in Synthesis ExampleA-1 except that the amount of ion exchanged water used when thedispersion liquid was prepared was changed to 395 parts, the amount ofacrylonitrile serving as the nitrile group-containing monomer waschanged to 96 parts, the amount of methacrylic acid serving as theethylenically unsaturated compound was changed to 4 parts, and asolution of 0.5 parts of a water-soluble polymerization initiator(ammonium persulfate: abbreviated as “APS”) in 5 parts of ion exchangedwater was used as the polymerization initiator. The yield was 72%.

Then a varnish of the polymer A-9 was obtained by the same procedure asin Synthesis Example A-1.

The values of the weight-average molecular weight Mw and molecularweight distribution Mw/Mn of the obtained polymer A-9 are shown in Table3.

Synthesis Example A-10

An attempt was made to produce a polymer by the same procedure as inSynthesis Example A-1 except that the amount of acrylonitrile serving asthe nitrile group-containing monomer was changed to 75 parts (including10 parts used as the solvent for the polymerization initiator), 10 partsof methacrylic acid and 15 parts of acrylic acid were used as theethylenically unsaturated compounds, and 0.3 parts ofdimethyl-2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionate) was used as the polymerizationinitiator. However, significant coagulation of the polymerizationreaction product occurred during the polymerization reaction, so thatthe reaction was difficult to control. Therefore, the continuation ofthe reaction was abandoned. As a result, no polymer was obtained.

Synthesis Example A-11

Polymer A-11 was obtained by the same procedure as in Synthesis ExampleA-9 except that the amount of acrylonitrile serving as the nitrilegroup-containing monomer was changed to 90 parts, 5 parts of methacrylicacid and 5 parts of acrylic acid were used as the ethylenicallyunsaturated compounds, and 0.5 parts of APS that is a water solublepolymerization initiator was used as the polymerization initiator. Theyield was 74%.

Then a varnish of the polymer A-11 was obtained by the same procedure asin Synthesis Example A-1.

The values of the weight-average molecular weight Mw and molecularweight distribution Mw/Mn of the obtained polymer A-11 are shown inTable 3.

Synthesis Example A-12

Polymer A-12 was obtained by the same procedure as in Synthesis ExampleA-1 except that the amount of partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol waschanged to 0.4 parts, 5 parts of acrylic acid was used as theethylenically unsaturated compound, the amount of1,1-azobis(1-acetoxy-1-phenylethane) serving as the polymerizationinitiator was changed to 0.2 parts, and the polymerization was performedat a reaction temperature of 60±2° C. for 5 hours and then at 80±2° C.for 2 hours. The yield was 52%.

Then a varnish of the polymer A-12 was obtained by the same procedure asin Synthesis Example A-1.

The values of the weight-average molecular weight Mw and molecularweight distribution Mw/Mn of the obtained polymer A-12 are shown inTable 3.

Synthesis Example B-1

(Synthesis of Polymer B-1)

70 Parts of ion exchanged water and 0.3 parts of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate were supplied to a pressure resistant vessel equipped with astirrer, a thermometer, a cooling tube, and a nitrogen gas introductiontube and sufficiently stirred and mixed. The gas phase was replaced withnitrogen gas, and temperature was elevated to 70° C.

In a separate vessel, 50 parts of ion exchanged water, 0.5 parts ofsodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, as well as polymerizable monomers thatare 80 parts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 5 parts of maleic acid and 15parts of acrylonitrile and were mixed to obtain a monomer mixture.

The monomer mixture was continuously added to the pressure resistantvessel over 4 hours to perform polymerization. The reaction wasinitiated by adding 0.5 parts of potassium persulfate that wasformulated as a 3% aqueous potassium persulfate solution to the pressureresistant vessel upon initiation of the addition of the monomer mixture.During addition of the monomer mixture, the reaction was performed at70° C.

After completion of the addition, the mixture was further stirred at 80°C. for 3 hours, and then the reaction was terminated, whereby adispersion liquid of polymer B-1 was obtained. The polymerizationconversion rate was 98.5%.

The obtained dispersion liquid was cooled to 30° C. or lower, and thecoagulated product was filtrated using a 100 μm cartridge filter. Thepolymer B-1 was thereby obtained.

(Preparation of Varnish)

A pressure resistant vessel equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, acooling tube, and a nitrogen gas introduction tube was charged with1,500 parts of NMP with respect to 100 parts of the solid content in theaforementioned dispersion liquid (i.e., the polymer B-1), anddissolution and mixing were performed at 50±2° C. for 2 hours. Thenrough dehydration was performed at 85±5° C. and 50 Torr or lower. Then,unreacted monomers were removed at 95±3° C. and 25 Torr or lower, andwater contained was removed. After the water content was confirmed to be1,000 ppm or smaller, the mixture was cooled to 40° C. or lower andfiltrated using a 5 μm filtration filter to thereby obtain a varnish ofthe polymer B-1 (resin content: 8% by weight).

The iodine number of the obtained polymer B-1 was measured. The measurediodine number is shown in Table 4.

The iodine number was measured in accordance with JIS-K0070 (1992) asfollows.

(Measurement of Iodine Number)

The varnish of the polymer B-1 was precisely weighed into a 300 mLErlenmeyer flask with a ground stopper such that the resin solid contentwas about 300 mg, and about 20 mL of chloroform was added to dissolveand disperse the varnish. 25 mL of a Wijs solution (a solution preparedby separately dissolving 7.9 g of iodine trioxide and 8.9 g of iodine inacetic acid, then mixing the solutions, and adjusting the total volumeto 1 L with acetic acid) was added using a measuring pipette, and theground stopper was secured using a clamp. Temperature was maintained ina thermostatic bath at 25±1.0° C., and the reaction was performed in adark place for 1 hour. Then about 20 mL of a 100 g/L potassium iodidesolution and about 100 mL of ion exchanged water were added. Immediatelyafter the addition, titration was performed using 0.1 mol/L sodiumthiosulfate, and the iodine number was determined using the followingcalculation formula.Iodine number (g/100 g)=(BL1−EP1)×f×(C1/S)

BL1: Blank value (mL)

EP1: Titration amount (mL)

f: Factor of titrant (f=1.003)

C1: Concentration conversion coefficient (1.269)

(amount (mg) of iodine equivalent to 1 mL of 0.1 mol/L Na₂S₂O₃.5H₂O)

S: Amount of sample collected (g)

A blank test (titration) was previously performed under the samemeasurement conditions to determine the blank value, and the determinedblank value was used.

The measurement was repeated three times, and the average of themeasurements was used.

For the titration, an automatic potentiometric water titrator(manufactured by Kyoto Electronics Manufacturing Co., Ltd., main unit:AT-610, electrode: platinum micro combination electrode C-778) was used.

The glass transition temperature of the polymer B-1 was measured by thefollowing method using DSC. The results are shown in Table 4.

(Measurement of Glass Transition Temperature (Tg))

Production of Polymer Film for Measurement

The varnish of the polymer B-1 was spread on a glass-made petri dishsuch that the dried varnish had a thickness of about 1.5 mm, and thevarnish was then air-dried at room temperature for 24 hours.Subsequently, the varnish was dried at 70° C. for 12 hours under reducedpressure to produce a polymer film for glass transition temperaturemeasurement.

Measurement Conditions

About 10 mg of the produced polymer film was precisely weighed into analuminum pan for measurement and subjected to the measurement. Themeasurement apparatus used was a differential scanning calorimeter(“EXSTAR6000DSC” manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc.). Themeasurement temperature range was −120 to 120° C., and the temperaturerising rate was 20° C./min. The analysis was started from a second scan.

Synthesis Example B-2

A pressure resistant vessel equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, acooling tube, and a nitrogen gas introduction tube was charged, in thefollowing order, with 180 parts of ion exchanged water, 25 parts of anaqueous sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate solution having a concentrationof 10% by weight, 35 parts of acrylonitrile serving as a polymerizablemonomer, and 0.5 parts of t-dodecyl mercaptan serving as a chaintransfer agent. The gas inside the pressure resistant vessel wasreplaced with nitrogen three times, and then the pressure resistantvessel was further charged with 65 parts of 1,3-butadiene serving as apolymerizable monomer.

Then the pressure resistant vessel was maintained at 5° C. and chargedwith 0.1 parts of cumene hydroperoxide serving as a polymerizationinitiator, and a polymerization reaction was performed for 16 hours bythe emulsion polymerization method. 0.1 Parts of an aqueous hydroquinonesolution of a concentration of 10% by weight serving as a polymerizationterminator was added to terminate the polymerization reaction, andremaining monomers were removed using a rotary evaporator with a watertemperature of 60° C. A dispersion liquid of an acrylonitrile-butadienecopolymer including 35% by weight of acrylonitrile unit and 65% byweight of butadiene unit (solid content concentration: about 30% byweight) was thereby obtained.

A palladium catalyst was added to the pressure resistant vessel suchthat the amount of palladium was 1,000 ppm with respect to the solidcontent (the acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer) contained in thedispersion liquid to perform a hydrogenation reaction at hydrogenpressure of 3 MPa and a temperature of 50° C., whereby a dispersionliquid of a hydrogenated product serving as polymer B-2 wasobtained-Then the same procedure as in Synthesis Example B-1 wasperformed to obtain a varnish of the polymer B-2.

The values of the iodine number and glass transition temperature of theobtained polymer B-2 are shown in Table 4.

Synthesis Example B-3

A dispersion liquid of a hydrogenated product serving as polymer B-3 wasobtained by the same procedure as in Synthesis Example B-2 except that20 parts of methacrylonitrile, 75 parts of 1,3-butadiene, and 5 parts ofmaleic acid were used as the polymerizable monomers.

Then the same procedure as in Synthesis Example B-2 was performed toobtain a varnish of the polymer B-3. The values of the iodine number andglass transition temperature of the obtained polymer B-3 are shown inTable 4.

Synthesis Example B-4

A dispersion liquid of polymer B-4 was obtained by the same procedure asin Synthesis Example B-1 except that the amount of acrylonitrile waschanged to 8 parts and the amount of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate was changedto 87 parts.

Then the same procedure as in Synthesis Example B-1 was performed toobtain a varnish of the polymer B-4. The values of the iodine number andglass transition temperature of the obtained polymer B-4 are shown inTable 4.

Synthesis Example B-5

A varnish of polymer B-5 was obtained by the same procedure as inSynthesis Example B-1 except that 45 parts of acrylonitrile, 50 parts of2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and 5 parts of methacrylic acid were used as thepolymerizable monomers. The values of the iodine number and glasstransition temperature of the obtained polymer B-5 are shown in Table 4.

Synthesis Example B-6

A varnish of polymer B-6 was obtained by the same procedure as inSynthesis Example B-1 except that 45 parts of acrylonitrile, 52 parts of2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and 3 parts of maleic acid were used as thepolymerizable monomers. The values of the iodine number and glasstransition temperature of the obtained polymer B-6 are shown in Table 4.

Synthesis Example B-7

A varnish of polymer B-8 was obtained by the same procedure as inSynthesis Example B-1 except that 5 parts of methacrylonitrile, 85 partsof 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and 10 parts of maleic acid were used as thepolymerizable monomers. The values of the iodine number and glasstransition temperature of the obtained polymer B-7 are shown in Table 4.

Example 1

(Preparation of Positive Electrode Slurry)

Using a planetary mixer, 5 parts (in terms of solid content) of a bindersolution was mixed with 30 parts of acetylene black (“HS-100”manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha, average particlediameter: 48 nm) serving as a electroconductive agent. As the bindersolution, a solution mixture obtained by mixing the varnish of thepolymer A-1 and the varnish of the polymer B-1 such that (polymerA-1)/(polymer B-1)=4/6 (solid content weight ratio) was used. ThenN-methylpyrrolidone was added in two portions, and the mixture was mixedfor 30 minutes to thereby obtain a electroconductive agent dispersionliquid with a solid content concentration of 27%. In the obtainedelectroconductive agent dispersion liquid, the ratio of solid content is(acetylene black)/(polymer A)/(polymer B)=30/2/3.

In a separate planetary mixer, 7 parts (in terms of solid content) ofthe electroconductive dispersion liquid prepared in the above was mixedwith 200 parts of a lithium-containing cobalt oxide-based electrodeactive material (“CELLSEED C-10N” manufactured by Nippon ChemicalIndustrial Co., Ltd., average particle diameter: 10 μm). Further, 1 part(in terms of solid content) of the binder solution containing thevarnish of the polymer A-1 and the varnish of the polymer B-1 such that(polymer A-1)/(polymer B-1)=4/6 (solid content weight ratio) was added,and the mixture was mixed and dispersed for 1 hour. ThenN-methylpyrrolidone was added in two portions, and the mixture was mixedfor 10 minutes and subjected to defoaming under reduced pressure tothereby obtain a positive electrode slurry with a final solid contentconcentration of 75%.

(Production of Positive Electrode)

The aforementioned positive electrode slurry was applied onto thesurface of a 20 μm-thick aluminum foil serving as a current collector toa dry thickness of about 120 μm using a die coater, dried at 60° C. for20 minutes, and subjected to a heat treatment at 150° C. for 2 hours tothereby obtain a raw electrode plate. The raw electrode plate was rolledusing a roll press to produce a positive electrode plate in which thedensity was controlled to 3.7 g/cm³ and the total thickness of thealuminum foil and a positive electrode material layer was controlled to100 μm. For removing the solvent remaining in the positive electrodeplate and adsorbed water, a drying treatment was performed under reducedpressure at 120° C. for 12 hours.

(Production of Battery)

The obtained positive electrode plate was cut into a disc-shaped sheethaving a diameter of 15 mm. A separator formed of a polypropylene-madedisc-shaped porous film having a diameter of 18 mm and a thickness of 25μm, metal lithium used as a negative electrode, and expanded metal weresequentially stacked on the surface of the positive electrode materiallayer of the positive electrode. Then a few drops of an electrolytesolution (a 1M solution of LiPF₆ in a mixture of (ethylenecarbonate)/(diethyl carbonate)/(dimethyl carbonate)=1/1/1 (volumeratio)) were dropped thereon to the extent that the solution did notspill over. The resultant product was placed in a coin-type outercontainer made of stainless steel (diameter: 20 mm, height: 1.8 mm,thickness of stainless steel: 0.25 mm) equipped with a polypropylenepacking.

Then a stainless steel cap having a thickness of 0.2 mm was put on andsecured to the outer container through a polypropylene packing such thatno air bubbles remained in the container. The resultant container wassealed using a caulking tool for producing a coin cell to therebyproduce a lithium ion secondary battery having a diameter of 20 mm and athickness of about 2 mm for evaluation of the positive electrode. Theentirety of the aforementioned operation was performed in a glove boxunder an argon atmosphere. For the produced lithium ion secondarybattery, its battery properties were evaluated in the following manner.The results are shown in Table 5.

(Slurry Property: Dispersion Stability)

Five test samples were prepared by the electrode slurry was placed ineach of test tubes having a diameter of 1 cm to a height (depth) of 5cm. The test samples were vertically placed on a desk. The state of theplaced slurry was observed for 7 days, and judgment was made inaccordance with the following criteria. Small degree of sedimentation orcoagulation is indicative of high dispersion stability.

A: No sedimentation or coagulation was found even after 7 days.

B: Sedimentation or coagulation was found after 5 to 6 days.

C: Sedimentation or coagulation was found after 1 to 2 days.

D: Sedimentation or coagulation was found after 12 hours or later andnot after 24 hours.

E: Sedimentation or coagulation was found no later than 12 hours.

The time and the number of days until sedimentation occurred in each ofthe 5 samples (referred to as average required sedimentation time(days)) were determined, and the average required sedimentation time(days) was determined. The average required sedimentation time (days)was used as the day on which the sedimentation was found.

(Surface State of Electrode Plate)

The surfaces of produced electrode material layers were visuallyobserved, and judgment was made as follows.

Coating Surface State-1 (Evaluation of Coating Streaks)

The electrode plate obtained in each of Examples and ComparativeExamples was cut at arbitrary chosen positions into five pieces having asize of 5 cm wide and 20 cm long, and the number of coating streaks onthe surface of the electrode material layer was visually checked. Acontinuous coating streak having a width of 1 mm or larger and a lengthof 1 mm or longer was determined as a coating streak. This operation wasperformed on all the five cut pieces to count the number of coatingstreaks formed on each of the five pieces.

Coating Surface State-2 (Evaluation of Pinholes)

The electrode plate obtained in each of the Examples and ComparativeExamples was cut at arbitrary chosen positions into five pieces havingsize of 5 cm wide×20 cm long=100 cm², and the number of pinholes on thesurface of the electrode material layer was visually checked. A pinholehaving a diameter of 1 mm or larger was determined as a defect andcounted as one pinhole.

This operation was performed on all the five cut pieces.

Coating Surface State (Comprehensive Evaluation)

Comprehensive evaluation was performed using classification criteriashown in Table 1, and the evaluation was made in five grades A to E.

TABLE 1 [evaluation criteria for electrode plate surface state] Pinhole(number of defects having φ <Coating surface state 1 mm or larger/100cm²) (comprehensive evaluation)> 5 or less 6-10 More than 10 Coatingstreaks 0 line A B C (continuous streaks 1 line B C D having a width 2lines C D E of 1 mm or larger, or more length of 1 mm or longer/100 cm²)

(Peel Strength) <Positive Electrode>

An electrode having an electrode material layer formed thereon was cutinto a rectangular shape of 2.5 cm wide×10 cm long to thereby prepare atest piece, and the test piece was secured with the surface of theelectrode material layer facing upward. A cellophane tape was affixed tothe surface of the electrode material layer of the test piece, andstress when the cellophane tape was peeled from one end of the testpiece at a rate of 50 mm/min in a 180° direction was measured. Themeasurement was performed 10 times, and the average of the measurementswas determined and taken as a peel strength (N/m). This was used as abasis for the evaluation of peel strength, and the evaluation was madein accordance with the following criteria. Large value of the peelstrength is indicative of good adhesion between the electrode materiallayer and the current collector.

A: 15 N/m or larger

B: 10 N/m or larger and smaller than 15 N/m

C: 5.0 N/m or larger and smaller than to 10 N/m

D: 3.0 N/m or larger and smaller than 5.0 N/m

E: smaller than 3.0 N/m

(Charging/Discharging Cycle Property (60° C.): Life Test)

Each of 10 coin-type cell batteries was charged by a constant currentmethod at 0.2 C in an atmosphere of 60° C. to 4.3 V and then dischargedto 3.0 V. This charging/discharging was repeated to measure an electriccapacity. The average value for the 10 cells was used as the measurementvalue. A charging/discharging capacity retention ratio represented bythe ratio (%) of the electric capacity after completion of 50 cyclesrelative to the electric capacity after completion of 5 cycles wasdetermined and used as a basis for the evaluation of cycle property, andthe evaluation was made in accordance with the following criteria. Highvalue of the charging/discharging capacity retention is indicative ofhigh high-temperature cycle property (battery life).

A: 80% or higher

B: 70% or higher and lower than 80%

C: 50% or higher and lower than 70%

D: 30% or higher and lower than 50%

E: lower than 30%

Example 2

A positive electrode plate and a: lithium ion secondary battery wereproduced and evaluated by the same procedure as in Example 1 except thata mixture obtained by mixing the varnish of the polymer A-2 and thevarnish of the polymer B-1 such that (polymer A-2)/(polymer B-1)=4/6(solid content weight ratio) was used as the binder solution. Theresults are shown in Table 5.

Example 3

A positive electrode plate and a lithium ion secondary battery wereproduced and evaluated by the same procedure as in Example 1 except thata mixture obtained by mixing the varnish of the polymer A-3 and thevarnish of the polymer B-1 such that (polymer A-3)/(polymer B-1)=4/6(solid content weight ratio) was used as the binder solution. Theresults are shown in Table 5.

Example 4

A positive electrode plate and a lithium ion secondary battery wereproduced and evaluated by the same procedure as in Example 1 except thata mixture obtained by mixing the varnish of the polymer A-1 and thevarnish of the polymer B-2 such that (polymer A-1)/(polymer B-2)=4/6(solid content weight ratio) was used as the binder solution. Theresults are shown in Table 5.

Example 5

A positive electrode plate and a lithium ion secondary battery wereproduced and evaluated by the same procedure as in Example 1 except thata Mixture obtained by mixing the varnish of the polymer A-1 and thevarnish of the polymer B-3 such that (polymer A-1)/(polymer B-3)=4/6(solid content weight ratio) was used as the binder solution. Theresults are shown in Table 5.

Example 6

A positive electrode plate and a lithium ion secondary battery wereproduced and evaluated by the same procedure as in Example 1 except thata mixture obtained by mixing the varnish of the polymer A-1 and thevarnish of the polymer B-4 such that (polymer A-1)/(polymer B-4)=4/6(solid content weight ratio) was used as the binder solution. Theresults are shown in Table 6.

Example 7

(Production of Negative Electrode Slurry)

Using a planetary mixer, 100 parts of artificial graphite having anaverage particle diameter of 35 μm and 1 part (in terms of solidcontent) of a binder solution were mixed. As the binder solution, asolution mixture obtained by mixing the varnish of the polymer A-1 andthe varnish of the polymer B-1 such that (polymer A-1)/(polymer B-1)=4/6(solid content weight ratio) was used. Then the mixture was mixed anddispersed for 1 hour. Then N-methylpyrrolidone was added in twoportions, and the mixture was mixed for 10 minutes and subjected todefoaming under reduced pressure to thereby obtain a negative electrodeslurry with a final solid content concentration of 75%.

(Production of Negative Electrode)

The aforementioned negative electrode slurry was applied onto thesurface of a 20 nm-thick copper foil serving as a current collector to adry thickness of about 200 μm using a die coater, dried at 60° C. for 20minutes, and subjected to a heat treatment at 150° C. for 2 hours tothereby obtain a raw electrode plate. The raw electrode plate was rolledusing a roll press to produce a negative electrode plate in which thedensity was controlled to 1.5 g/cm³ and the total thickness of thecopper foil and a negative electrode material layer was controlled to 80μm. For removing the solvent remaining in the negative electrode plateand adsorbed water, a drying treatment was performed under reducedpressure at 120° C. for 12 hours.

(Production of Battery)

The obtained negative electrode plate was cut into a disc-shaped sheethaving a diameter of 15 mm. A separator formed of a polypropylene-madedisc-shaped porous film having a diameter of 18 mm and a thickness of 25μm, metal lithium used as a counter electrode, and expanded metal weresequentially stacked on the surface of the negative electrode materiallayer of the negative electrode. Then a few drops of an electrolytesolution (a 1M solution of LiPF₆ in a mixture of (ethylenecarbonate)/(diethyl carbonate)/(dimethyl carbonate)=1/1/1 (volumeratio)) were dropped thereon to the extent that the solution did notspill over. The resultant product was placed in a coin-shaped outercontainer made of stainless steel (diameter: 20 mm, height: 1.8 mm,thickness of stainless steel: 0.25 mm) equipped with a polypropylenepacking.

Then a stainless steel cap having a thickness of 0.2 mm was put on andsecured to the outer container through a polypropylene packing such thatno air bubbles remained in the container. The resultant container wassealed using a caulking tool for producing a coin cell to therebyproduce a lithium ion secondary battery having a diameter of 20 mm and athickness of about 2 mm for evaluation of the negative electrode. Theentirety of the aforementioned operation was performed in a glove boxunder an argon atmosphere. For the produced lithium ion secondarybattery, the tests for the slurry property, the surface state of theelectrode plate, and the charging/discharging cycle property (60° C.)test were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results areshown in Table

The measurement of the peel strength of the negative electrode wasperformed in the following manner.

(Peel Strength) <Negative Electrode>

The electrode was cut into a rectangular shape of 2.5 cm wide×10 cm longto prepare a test piece, and the test piece was secured with the surfaceof the electrode active material (i.e., the surface of the electrodematerial layer) facing upward. A cellophane tape was affixed to thesurface of the electrode active material layer of the test piece, andstress when the cellophane tape was peeled from one end of the testpiece at a rate of 50 mm/min in a 180° direction was measured. Themeasurement was performed 10 times, and the average of the measurementswas determined and taken as peel strength. Judgment was made inaccordance with the following criteria. Strong peel strength isindicative of good adhesion of the electrode plate.

A: 6 N/m or larger

B: 5 N/m or larger and smaller than 6 N/m

C: 4 N/m or larger and smaller than 5 N/m

D: smaller than 4 N/m

Example 8

A positive electrode plate and a lithium ion secondary battery wereproduced and evaluated by the same procedure as in Example 1 except thata mixture obtained by mixing the varnish of the polymer A-1 and thevarnish of the polymer B-1 such that (polymer A-1)/(polymer B-1)=5/5(solid content weight ratio) was used as the binder solution. Theresults are shown in Table 6.

Example 9

A positive electrode plate and a lithium ion secondary battery wereproduced and evaluated by the same procedure as in Example 1 except thata mixture obtained by mixing the varnish Of the polymer A-1 and thevarnish of the polymer B-1 such that (polymer A-1)/(polymer B-1)=3/7(solid content weight ratio) was used as the binder solution. Theresults are shown in Table 6.

Example 10

A positive electrode plate and a lithium ion secondary battery wereproduced and evaluated by the same procedure as in Example 1 except thata mixture obtained by mixing the varnish of the polymer A-1 and thevarnish of the polymer B-1 such that (polymer A-1)/(polymer B-1)=2/8(solid content weight ratio) was used as the binder solution. Theresults are shown in Table 6.

Example 11

A positive electrode plate and a lithium ion secondary battery wereproduced and evaluated by the same procedure as in Example 1 except thatonly the varnish of the polymer A-1 was used as the binder solution inan amount in terms of solid content of 1 part with respect to 100 partsof the lithium-containing cobalt oxide-based electrode active material(“CELLSEED C-10N” manufactured by Nippon Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd.).The results are shown in Table 7.

Example 12

A positive electrode plate and a lithium ion secondary battery wereproduced and evaluated by the same procedure as in Example 1 except thata mixture obtained by mixing the varnish of the polymer A-4 and thevarnish of the polymer B-1 such that (polymer A-4)/(polymer B-1)=4/6(solid content weight ratio) was used as the binder solution. Theresults are shown in Table 7.

Example 13

A positive electrode plate and a lithium ion secondary battery wereproduced and evaluated by the same procedure as in Example 1 except thata mixture obtained by mixing the varnish of the polymer A-5 and thevarnish of the polymer B-2 such that (polymer A-5)/(polymer B-2)=4/6(solid content weight ratio) was used as the binder solution. Theresults are shown in Table 7.

Example 14

A positive electrode plate and a lithium ion secondary battery wereproduced and evaluated by the same procedure as in Example 1 except thata mixture obtained by mixing the varnish of the polymer A-6 and thevarnish of the polymer B-6 such that (polymer A-6)/(polymer B-6)=4/6(solid content weight ratio) was used as the binder solution. Theresults are shown in Table 7.

Example 15

A positive electrode plate and a lithium ion secondary battery wereproduced and evaluated by the same procedure as in Example 1 except thata mixture obtained by mixing the varnish of the polymer A-7 and thevarnish of the polymer B-7 such that (polymer A-7)/(polymer B-7)=4/6(solid content weight ratio) was used as the binder solution. Theresults are shown in Table 7.

Example 16

A positive electrode plate and a lithium ion secondary battery wereproduced and evaluated by the same procedure as in Example 1 except thatthe amount of the binder solution with respect to 100 parts of thepositive electrode active material was changed to 0.4 parts (in terms ofsolid content). The results are shown in Table

Example 17

A positive electrode plate and a lithium ion secondary battery wereproduced and evaluated by the same procedure as in Example 1 except thatthe amount of the binder solution with respect to 100 parts of thepositive electrode active material was changed to 3.5 parts (in terms ofsolid content). The results are shown in Table 8.

Example 18

A positive electrode plate and a lithium ion secondary battery wereproduced and evaluated by the same procedure as in Example 1 except thata mixture obtained by mixing the varnish of the polymer A-1 and thevarnish of the polymer B-1 such that (polymer A-1)/(polymer B-1)=6/4(solid content weight ratio) was used as the binder solution. Theresults are shown in Table 8.

Example 19

A positive electrode plate and a lithium ion secondary battery wereproduced and evaluated by the same procedure as in Example 1 except thata mixture obtained by mixing the varnish of the polymer A-1 and thevarnish of the polymer B-5 such that (polymer A-1)/(polymer B-5)=4/6(solid content weight ratio) was used as the binder solution. Theresults are shown in Table 8.

Example 20

A positive electrode plate and a lithium ion secondary battery wereproduced and evaluated by the same procedure as in Example 1 except thata varnish of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) (an NMP solution of “KF1120”manufactured by Kureha Corporation, resin content: 12% by weight) wasused instead of the varnish of the polymer B-1 in the binder solution.The results are shown in Table 8.

Comparative Example 1

A positive electrode plate and a lithium ion secondary battery wereproduced and evaluated by the same procedure as in Example 1 except thata mixture obtained by mixing the varnish of the polymer A-8 and thevarnish of the polymer B-1 such that (polymer A-8)/(polymer B-1)=4/6(solid content weight ratio) was used as the binder solution. Theresults are shown in Table 9.

Comparative Example 2

A positive electrode plate and a lithium ion secondary battery wereproduced and evaluated by the same procedure as in Example 1 except thata mixture obtained by mixing the varnish of the polymer A-9 and thevarnish of the polymer B-1 such that (polymer A-9)/(polymer B-1)=4/6(solid content weight ratio) was used as the binder solution. Theresults are shown in Table 9.

Comparative Example 3

An attempt was made to use a varnish of the polymer produced in themanner in Synthesis Example A-10 for the binder solution. However, thepolymer was not obtained, so that a positive electrode plate and alithium ion secondary battery could not be produced.

Comparative Example 4

A positive electrode plate and a lithium ion secondary battery wereproduced and evaluated by the same procedure as in Example 1 except thata mixture obtained by mixing the varnish of the polymer A-11 and thevarnish of the polymer B-1 such that (polymer A-11)/(polymer B-1)=4/6(solid content weight ratio) was used as the binder solution. Theresults are shown in Table 9.

Comparative Example 5

A positive electrode plate and a lithium ion secondary battery wereproduced and evaluated by the same procedure as in Example 1 except thata mixture obtained by mixing the varnish of the polymer A-12 and thevarnish of the polymer B-1 such that (polymer A-12)/(polymer B-1)=4/6(solid content weight ratio) was used as the binder solution. Theresults are shown in Table 9.

TABLE 2 [Synthesis Examples A-1-A-6] Polymer Polymer Polymer PolymerPolymer Polymer A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 A-5 A-6 Nitrile Acrylonitrile 95 95 98 —85 90 group- Methacrylonitrile — — — 99.5 — 5 containing monomer (wtparts) Ethylenically Methacrylic 5 — 2 — 10 — unsaturated acid compoundAcrylic — 5 — 0.5 5 — (wt parts) acid Maleic — — — — — 4 acid Itaconic —— — — — 1 acid 2-ethyl — — — — — — hexyl acrylate Polymerzation Oil-OTAZO- OTAZO- OTAZO- AIBN V-601 OTAZO- initiator soluble 15 15 15 (0.2(0.3 15 (0.4 (0.4 (0.6 parts) parts) (0.45 parts) parts) parts) parts)Water- — — — — — — soluble Partially saponified 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.6polyvinyl alcohol (wt parts) Yield/scale of 70%/A 65%/A 72%/B 65%/B65%/B 60%/B status Nitrile group- 95 95 98 99.5 85 95 containing monomerunit (wt %) Ethylenically 5 5 2 0.5 15 5 unsaturated compound unit (wt%) Mw 1,300,000 1,600,000 700,000 1,000,000 1,800,000 800,000 Mw/Mn 810.5 5 7 10 9

TABLE 3 [Synthesis Examples A-7-A-12] Polymer Polymer Polymer PolymerPolymer Polymer A-7 A-8 A-9 A-10 A-11 A-12 Nitrile Acrylonitrile 90 10096 75 90 95 group- Methacrylo — — — — — — containing nitrile monomer (wtparts) Ethylenically Methacrylic 5 — 4 10 5 — unsaturated acid compound(wt Acrylic — — — 15 5 5 parts) acid Maleic — — — — — — acid Itaconic —— — — — — acid 2- 5 — — — — — ethylhexyl acrylate Polymerzation Oil-OTAZO- OTAZO- — V-601 — OTAZO- initiator soluble 15 15 (0.3 15 (0.5 (0.4parts) (0.2 parts) parts) parts) Water- — — APS — APS — soluble (0.5(0.5 parts) parts) Partially saponified 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4polyvinyl alcohol (wt parts) Yield/scale of 63%/B 70%/A 72%/A ** 74%/A52%/C status Nitrile group- 90 100 96 90 95 containing monomer unit (wt%) Ethylenically 10 — 4 25 10 5 unsaturated compound unit (wt %) Mw1,100,000 1,000,000 450,000 ** 700,000 2,500,000 Mw/Mn 8 10 8 14 14 **Coagulation was occurred during polymerization reaction, and polymerparticles were not obtainable.

TABLE 4 [Synthesis Examples B-1-B-8] Polymer Polymer Polymer PolymerPolymer Polymer Polymer B-1 B-2 B-3 B-4 B-5 B-6 B-7 Acrylonitrile 15 35— 8 45 45 — (wt parts) Methacrylonitrile — — 20 — — — 5 (wt parts)Ethylenically 2- 80 — — 87 50 52 85 unsaturated ethylhexyl compoundacrylate (wt 1,3- — 65 75 — — — — parts) butadiene Maleic 5 — 5 5 — 3 10acid Methacrylic 5 acid Amount of 15 35 20 8 45 45 5 (meth)acrylonitrileunit (wt parts) Iodine number Less 5 20 Less Less Less Less (g/100 g)than 1 than 1 than 1 than 1 than 1 Glass −39 −30 −35 −50 +6 +0.5 −45transition temperature (° C.) Amount of 85 65 80 92 50 55 95ethylenically unsaturated compound unit (wt parts)

TABLE 5 [Results of Examples 1-5] Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 PolymerA Type Polymer Polymer Polymer Polymer Polymer A-1 A-2 A-3 A-1 A-1Nitrile group- Acrylonitrile 95 95 98 95 95 containing Methacrylonitrile— — — — — monomer (wt parts) Ethylenically Methacrylic 5 — 2 5 5unsaturated acid compound (wt Acrylic acid — 5 — — — parts) Maleic acid— — — — — Itaconic acid — — — — — 2-ethylhexyl — — — — — acrylatePolymerzation Oil-soluble OTAZO- OTAZO- OTAZO- OTAZO- OTAZO- initiator15 (0.4 15 (0.4 15 (0.6 15 (0.4 15 (0.4 parts) parts) parts) parts)parts) Water-soluble — — — — — Partially saponified 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2polyvinyl alcohol (wt parts) Yield/scale of status 70%/A 65%/A 72%/B70%/A 70%/A Nitrile group-containing 95 95 98 95 95 monomer unit (wt %)Ethylenically unsaturated 5 5 2 5 5 compound unit (wt %) Mw 1,300,0001,600,000 700,000 1,300,000 1,300,000 Mw/Mn 8 10.5 5 8 8 PolymerA/Polymer B (wt ratio) 4/6 4/6 4/6 4/6 4/6 Polymer B Type PolymerPolymer Polymer Polymer Polymer B-1 B-1 B-1 B-2 B-3 Acrylonitrile (wtparts) 15 15 15 35 — Methacrylonitrile (wt parts) — — — — 20Ethylenically 2-ethylhexyl 80 80 80 — — unsaturated acrylate compound(wt Butadiene — — — 65 75 parts) Maleic acid 5 5 5 — 5 Amount of(meth)acrylonitrile 15 15 15 35 20 unit (wt parts) Iodine number(g/100g) Less Less Less 5 20 than 1 than 1 than 1 Glass transition −39 −39 −39−30 −35 temperature (° C.) Amount of ethylenically 85 85 85 65 80unsaturated compound unit (wt parts) Electrode Positive PositivePositive Positive Positive Total amount of polymer A and 1 1 1 1 1polymer B (wt parts) Slurry property A A A A A Surface state ofelectrode plate A A A A A Peel strength A B B B A Charging/dischargingcycle A A A B C property

TABLE 6 [Results of Examples 6-10] Ex. 6 Ex. 7 Ex. 8 Ex. 9 Ex. 10Polymer A Type Polymer Polymer Polymer Polymer Polymer A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1A-1 Nitrile group- Acrylonitrile 95 95 95 95 95 containingMethacrylonitrile — — — — — monomer (wt parts) Ethylenically Methacrylic5 5 5 5 5 unsaturated acid compound (wt Acrylic acid — — — — — parts)Maleic acid — — — — — Itaconic acid — — — — — 2-ethylhexyl — — — — —acrylate Polymerzation Oil-soluble OTAZO- OTAZO- OTAZO- OTAZO- OTAZO-initiator 15 (0.4 15 (0.4 15 (0.4 15 (0.4 15 (0.4 parts) parts) parts)parts) parts) Water-soluble — — — — — Partially saponified 0.2 0.2 0.20.2 0.2 polyvinyl alcohol (wt parts) Yield/scale of status 70%/A 70%/A70%/A 70%/A 70%/A Nitrile group-containing 95 95 95 95 95 monomer unit(wt %) Ethylenically unsaturated 5 5 5 5 5 compound unit (wt %) Mw1,300,000 1,300,000 1,300,000 1,300,000 1,300,000 Mw/Mn 8 8 8 8 8Polymer A/Polymer B (wt ratio) 4/6 4/6 5/5 3/7 2/8 Polymer B TypePolymer Polymer Polymer Polymer Polymer B-4 B-1 B-1 B-1 B-1Acrylonitrile (wt parts) 8 15 15 15 15 Methacrylonitrile (wt parts) — —— — — Ethylenically 2-ethylhexyl 87 80 80 80 80 unsaturated acrylatecompound (wt Butadiene — — — — — parts) Maleic acid 5 5 5 5 5Methacrylic — — — — — acid Amount of (meth)acrylonitrile 8 15 15 15 15unit (wt parts) Iodine number (g/100 g) Less Less Less Less Less than 1than 1 than 1 than 1 than 1 Glass transition temperature (° C.) −50 −39−39 −39 −39 Amount of ethylenically 92 85 85 85 85 unsaturated compoundunit (wt parts) Electrode Positive Negative Positive Positive PositiveTotal amount of polymer A and 1 1 1 1 1 polymer B (wt parts) Slurryproperty A A B B B Surface state of electrode plate A A A B B Peelstrength A A A B C Charging/discharging cycle B A B B C property

TABLE 7 [Results of Examples 11-15] Ex. 11 Ex. 12 Ex. 13 Ex. 14 Ex. 15Polymer A Type Polymer Polymer Polymer Polymer Polymer A-1 A-4 A-5 A-6A-7 Nitrile group- Acrylonitrile 95 — 85 90 90 containingMethacrylonitrile — 99.5 — 5 — monomer (wt parts) EthylenicallyMethacrylic acid 5 — 10 — 5 unsaturated Acrylic acid — 0.5 5 — —compound (wt Maleic acid — — — 4 — parts) Itaconic acid — — — 1 —2-ethylhexyl — — — — 5 acrylate Polymerzation Oil-soluble OTAZO- AIBNV-601 OTAZO- OTAZO- initiator 15 (0.4 (0.2 (0.3 15 (0.45 15 (0.5 parts)parts) parts) parts) parts) Water-soluble — — — — — Partially saponified0.2 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6 polyvinyl alcohol (wt parts) Yield/scale of status70%/A 65%/B 65%/B 60%/B 63%/B Nitrile group-containing 95 99.5 85 95 90monomer unit (wt %) Ethylenically unsaturated 5 0.5 15 5 10 compoundunit (wt %) Mw 1,300,000 1,000,000 1,800,000 800,000 1,100,000 Mw/Mn 8 710 9 8 Polymer A/Polymer B (wt ratio) 10/0 4/6 4/6 4/6 4/6 Polymer BType None Polymer Polymer Polymer Polymer B-1 B-2 B-6 B-7 Acrylonitrile(wt parts) — 15 35 45 — Methacrylonitrile (wt parts) — — — — 5Ethylenically 2-ethylhexyl — 80 — 52 85 unsaturated acrylate compound(wt Butadiene — — 65 — — parts) Maleic acid — 5 — 3 10 Methacrylic acid— — — — — Amount of (meth)acrylonitrile — 15 35 45 5 unit (wt parts)Iodine number (g/100 g) — Less 5 Less Less than 1 than 1 than 1 Glasstransition temperature (° C.) — −39 −30 +0.5 −45 Amount of ethylenically— 85 65 55 95 unsaturated compound unit (wt parts) Electrode PositivePositive Positive Positive Positive Total amount of polymer A and 1 1 11 1 polymer B (wt parts) Slurry property B B A A B Surface state ofelectrode plate B B A B B Peel strength C A B C B Charging/dischargingcycle C B B C C property

TABLE 8 [Results of Examples 16-20] Ex. 16 Ex. 17 Ex. 18 Ex. 19 Ex. 20Polymer A Type Polymer Polymer Polymer Polymer Polymer A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1A-1 Nitrile group- Acrylonitrile 95 95 95 95 95 containingMethacrylonitrile — — — — — monomer (wt parts) Ethylenically Methacrylic5 5 5 5 5 unsaturated acid compound (wt Acrylic acid — — — — — parts)Maleic acid — — — — — Itaconic acid — — — — — 2-ethylhexyl — — — — —acrylate Polymerzation Oil-soluble OTAZO- OTAZO- OTAZO- OTAZO- OTAZO-initiator 15 (0.4 15 (0.4 15 (0.4 15 (0.4 15 (0.4 parts) parts) parts)parts) parts) Water-soluble — — — — — Partially saponified 0.2 0.2 0.20.2 0.2 polyvinyl alcohol (wt parts) Yield/scale of status 70%/A 70%/A70%/A 70%/A 70%/A Nitrile group-containing 95 95 95 95 95 monomer unit(wt %) Ethylenically unsaturated 5 5 5 5 5 compound unit (wt %) Mw1,300,000 1,300,000 1,300,000 1,300,000 1,300,000 Mw/Mn 8 8 8 8 8Polymer A/Polymer B (wt ratio) 4/6 4/6 6/4 4/6 4/6 Polymer B TypePolymer Polymer Polymer Polymer PVDF B-1 B-1 B-1 B-5 Acrylonitrile (wtparts) 15 15 15 45 — Methacrylonitrile (wt parts) — — — — —Ethylenically 2-ethylhexyl 80 80 80 50 — unsaturated acrylate compound(wt Butadiene — — — — — parts) Maleic acid 5 5 5 — — Methacrylic — — — 5— acid Amount of (meth)acrylonitrile 15 15 15 45 — unit (wt parts)Iodine number (g/100 g) Less Less Less Less — than 1 than 1 than 1 than1 Glass transition temperature (° C.) −39 −39 −39 +6 — Amount ofethylenically 85 85 85 50 — unsaturated compound unit (wt parts)Electrode Positive Positive Positive Positive Positive Total amount ofpolymer A and 0.4 3.5 1 1 1 polymer B (wt parts) Slurry property B B B BC Surface state of electrode plate B B B B B Peel strength C B B C CCharging/discharging cycle property C B C C C

TABLE 9 [Results of Comparative Examples 1-5] Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp.Comp. Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Polymer A Type Polymer PolymerPolymer Polymer Polymer A-8 A-9 A-10 A-11 A-12 Nitrile group-Acrylonitrile 100 96 75 90 95 containing Methacrylonitrile — — — — —monomer (wt parts) Ethylenically Methacrylic acid — 4 10 5 — unsaturatedAcrylic acid — — 15 5 5 compound Maleic acid — — — — — (weigh parts)Itaconic acid — — — — — 2-ethylhexyl — — — — — acrylate PolymerzationOil-soluble OTAZO-15 — V-601 — OTAZO-15 initiator (0.4 (0.3 (0.2 parts)parts) parts) Water-soluble — APS — APS — (0.5 (0.5 parts) parts)Partially saponified 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 polyvinyl alcohol (wt parts)Yield/scale of status 70%/A 72%/A ** 74%/A 52%/C Nitrilegroup-containing 100 96 90 95 monomer unit (wt %) Ethylenicallyunsaturated — 4 25 10 5 compound unit (wt %) Mw 1,000,000 450,000 **700,000 2,500,000 Mw/Mn 10 8 14 14 Polymer A/Polymer B (wt ratio) 4/64/6 4/6 4/6 4/6 Polymer B Type Polymer Polymer — Polymer Polymer B-1 B-1B-1 B-1 Acrylonitrile (parts) 15 15 — 15 15 Methacrylonitrile (parts) —— — — — Ethylenically 2-ethylhexyl 80 80 — 80 80 unsaturated acrylatecompound (wt Butadiene — — — — — parts) Maleic acid 5 5 — 5 5Methacrylic acid — — — — — Amount of (meth)acrylonitrile 15 15 — 15 15unit (wt parts) Iodine number (g/100 g) Less Less — Less Less than 1than 1 than 1 than 1 Glass transition temperature (° C.) −39 −39 — −39−39 Amount of ethylenically 85 85 — 85 85 unsaturated compound unit (wtparts) Electrode Positive Positive — Positive Positive Total amount ofpolymer A and polymer B 1 1 — 1 1 (wt parts) Slurry property C B — C CSurface state of electrode plate B B — C D Peel strength C D — E ECharging/discharging cycle property D E — E E ** Coagulation wasoccurred during polymerization reaction, and polymer particles were notobtainable.

DISCUSSION

As can be seen from Tables 2 to 9, it was found out that, in Examplesusing the binder compositions of the present invention, high stabilityof the electrode slurries was achieved and the cycle properties of thebatteries were able to be improved.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A binder composition for an electrode of anon-aqueous electrolyte battery, the binder composition comprising apolymer A containing 80% by weight or more and 99.9% by weight or lessof a repeating unit derived from a monomer including a nitrile group and0.1% by weight or more and 20% by weight or less of a repeating unitderived from an ethylenically unsaturated compound, wherein aweight-average molecular weight of the polymer A is 500,000 to2,000,000, a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of the polymer A is13 or smaller, the binder composition further comprises a polymer Bcontaining 10% by weight or more and 40% by weight or less of arepeating unit derived from acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile, and thepolymer B has an iodine number of 50 g/100 g or lower.
 2. The bindercomposition for an electrode of a non-aqueous electrolyte batteryaccording to claim 1, wherein a weight ratio of the polymer A to thepolymer B (the polymer A/the polymer B) is 3/7 or higher and 7/3 orlower.
 3. An electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, comprisinga current collector and an electrode material layer provided on at leastone side of the current collector, wherein the electrode material layercontains an electrode active material and the binder composition for anelectrode according to claim 1, and a solid content of the bindercomposition for the electrode with respect to 100 parts by weight of theelectrode active material is 0.3 parts by weight or more and 5 parts byweight or less.
 4. A non-aqueous electrolyte battery comprising theelectrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to claim
 3. 5.The non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 4, wherein thenon-aqueous electrolyte battery is a lithium ion secondary battery. 6.An electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, comprising a currentcollector and an electrode material layer provided on at least one sideof the current collector, wherein the electrode material layer containsan electrode active material and the binder composition for an electrodeaccording to claim 2, and a solid content of the binder composition forthe electrode with respect to 100 parts by weight of the electrodeactive material is 0.3 parts by weight or more and 5 parts by weight orless.
 7. A non-aqueous electrolyte battery comprising the electrode fora non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to claim
 6. 8. Thenon-aqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 7, wherein thenon-aqueous electrolyte battery is a lithium ion secondary battery. 9.The binder composition for an electrode of a non-aqueous electrolytebattery according to claim 1, wherein the binder composition is for apositive electrode.